Suchergebnisse

The militia as an informal pro-government irregular force helps government forces through a range of asymmetric security threats. Since 9/11, the employment of militia forces has been on the rise. Although the informal Pro-Government Militias (PGMs) operate in juxtaposition with the regular land forces, they are loosely aligned with them. Given the nativity of its members to the battlefield, a militia is best suited to comprehend the operational and tactical situation and, making itself a viable option for state-led forces both from the perspective of low-cost force or its flexibility to deal with irregular threats. Most informal PGMs maintain a stronger ideological and political base, they do not often care about the limitation of their sponsoring state's sovereignty and the legitimacy of their actions. They may even develop linkages with the terrorist outfits for their immediate goals. This puts national security in grave danger. Given the risks, weaker states become vulnerable at the hands of their sponsored militants. Still, the state-led forces will remain inclined to exploit such paramilitary forces to let them shoulder the burden of national security against asymmetric threats.

The current research empirically investigated whether total quality management (TQM) as a multidimensional construct (organic and mechanistic) has a better explanatory power toward innovation performance dimensions with the mediating effect of business innovation capability (BIC) and moderating effect of business innovation culture. After an in-depth examination of the literature, a holistic TQM–BIC–innovation performance framework is being developed based on theoretical knowledge as well as empirical justification. This would help scholars and practitioners to comprehend ways through which quality and innovation are integrated. To this end, structural equation modeling–partial least squares (SEM-PLS) is used for analyzing the data. It has been found that both soft and hard TQM trigger innovation performance and firm BIC mediates this relationship. Lastly, the role of business innovation culture in enhancing firm's radical innovation performance was empirically established. Thus, developing BIC and business innovation culture in a TQM-based firm could trigger innovating performance.