Suchergebnisse

National audience ; La question de la place et du rôle des sportifs dans la gouvernance du sport est une question fondamentale. En effet elle touche aux éléments constitutifs même sur lesquels le sport moderne s'est construit et développé. Pourtant c'est une question qui reste peu analysée quitte à paraître accessoire. Un état des lieux (I) peut alors sembler utile avant d'aborder quelques pistes d'évolution (II).

International audience ; L'objectif de la communication est de s'intéresser aux études portant sur la relation entre la performance sportive et son environnement. Après un état des lieux fait dans quelques secteurs, il sera tenté de dégager quelques tendances et des perspectives. Si le champ des recherches dans le micro environnement de l'athlète est relativement développé, les effets de l'environnement plus large ont relativement peu été étudiés. Toutefois ont été répertoriés depuis les années 1950, des facteurs du macro environnement agissant sur la performance sportive. Ce n'est que récemment qu'une approche plus centrée sur l'environnement sportif est apparue.

International audience ; The recent European Court of Justice's Kolpak ruling1 gives us another opportunity to focuson the combination of public law and sporting rules in the sport law matters, particularlyregarding professional sport.Each sporting situation is positioned in the spotlight of different levels of legality. Threegeographical zones may be distinguished: the regional level as, for example, in Italy or Spainwhere Regional Sport Acts exist; the central national level; and the European level whereCommunity law applies.What has changed since 1995 and the famous Bosman ruling2? Although Deliege andLethonen, have confirmed the applicability of the freedom of movement of workers in sport,they also have allowed more flexibility in the application of Community law to sport.Nevertheless, with respect to fair competition, have the sport federations, in the light of theirmonopoly, secured their role in the future of professional sport?As professional sport includes not only sporting and economic, but also cultural and historicaldimensions, a special treatment is needed.

Professional Sport 'à la française', a Possible Inspiration for a Future European Model ?
In France, the State has intervened in sporting matters since the 1940s, according to a technique of delegation of power to private organisations, i.e. sporting federations. France has not adopted legislation specifically relating to sporting professionals, notably in the context of their working relationships, in a situation, moreover, where European influences have had the effect of limiting the degree of autonomy for intervention by each member state, including in the area of sports. Where the State does intervene in France it does so in the name of public policy which includes economic factors (such as intervention in the structure of professional clubs and in relation to resources, notably television rights), individual factors (such as defending the individual) and social factors (such as the status of sporting agents and that of youngsters who practise sport).