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The article examines the personal comprehension and scholarly research of Russian as a foreign language. Facts of the renowned scholar's biography are projected onto the vast field of modern Russian studies. The article studies the heuristic methods of analysis and systematization of language material connected with accentology, morphology, functional syntax, cultural linguistics, corpus linguistics, and current linguistic processes. The author describes his own scholarly pursuit and findings, including them into the context of the present, and connecting them with the issues of education, ethics, politics, culture and international contacts. ; В статье обсуждается проблема личностного постижения и научного исследования русского языка как иностранного. Яркие факты научной биографии известного финского ученого проецируются на обширное поле современной русистики. Обсуждаются связанные с акцентологией, морфологией, функциональным синтаксисом, лингвокультурологией, корпусной лингвистикой, активными языковыми процессами эвристические методы анализа и систематизации языкового материала. Рассуждения автора о собственных научных поисках и обретениях включены в контекст реального времени и переплетаются с проблемами образования, этики, политики, культуры и международных контактов.

The study analyses occurrences of Russian nouns meaning'science','religion','economy','politics'and'culture'as human-like subjects. This kind of use isinterpreted as an example of a conceptualization described as PERSONIFICATION-WITH-METONYMY.On the basis of the fact that Russian examples work well intranslation into other languages, we assume that similar conceptualization ofthese abstract nouns is not completely language-dependent. The study isbased on the analysis of examples taken from Integrum, a large non-annotated Russian corpus. The large number of examples found in newspapertexts and documented both quantitatively and qualitatively suggests thatsuch non-annotated corpora can be used for studying conceptualization. ; Peer reviewed

1. Dimensions of Russian culture and mind / Tatiana Larina, Arto Mustajoki, Ekaterina Protassova -- 2. Kant and Russian idealism : a litmus test of modernisation / Vesa Oittinen -- 3. Soviet modernisation and its legacies from the perspective of civilisational analysis / Mikhail Maslovskii -- 4. A morphology of Russia? : the Russian civilisational turn and its cyclical idea of history / Kare Johan MjØr -- 5. The Russian Orthodox Church today : transformations between secular and sacred / Elina Kahla -- 6. The end of the Russian intelligentsia? : conceptual changes in the context of post-Soviet Russia's modernisation process / Jutta Scherrer. Appendix : Integrum analysis / Hanna-Maaria Luoto -- 7. Universities for modernising Russia / Yury Zaretskiy -- 8. Post-socialist neoliberal? : education reform in Russia as a socially interpreted process / Elena Minina -- 9. Educating the new listener : classical music and Russian modernisation / Elina Viljanen -- 10. Cultural barriers of the Russian modernization / Nadezhda Lebedeva -- 11. 'New women' modernising Russia / Kirsti Ekonen and Irina Iukina -- 12. Public discussion on information society in Russia / Katja Lehtisaari -- 13. Preconditions for Russian modernisation : a media analysis / Veera Laine and Arto Mustajoki.

1. Ethics by grounded dialogue -- 2. Doing research -- 3. Publishing -- 4. Supervising students -- 5. Recruiting academic staff -- 6. Funding research -- 7. Assessing research and researchers -- 8. Interacting with society -- 9. Managing research careers -- 10. Conclusion.

Les russophones constituent en Finlande le groupe d'immigrants le plus important, et il s'accroît. Malgré leur diversité ethnique et leur volonté de s'intégrer à la société finlandaise, ils sont souvent décrits dans le discours finlandais comme des « représentants » de la Russie dotés d'une double loyauté. Ils sont également considérés par différents agents politiques comme une minorité culturelle aussi bien finlandaise que russe. L'article examine les tensions entre ces différents cadres, décrit les offres éducatives et culturelles destinées aux russophones de Finlande et passe en revue différentes institutions qu'ils ont eux-mêmes créées. La question des droits linguistiques et du maintien de la culture est plus particulièrement traitée.

In today's world where other cultures are being tapped to a greater extent than ever before, the processes of mixing and matching are especially relevant in making sense of Russia. Not only do borrowing and assimilation, interaction between the familiar and the alien, constitute a venerable tradition in Russian culture, but during the two last post-Soviet decades a notable Western influence has become apparent. This book provides means for understanding Russianness in this new situation. By bringing together Russian and Western, eminent and younger scholars it provides insights both from inside and outside. By extending its perspectives to three fields - linguistics, cultural studies, and social sciences - it covers different dimensions of creative misunderstandings, hybrids, tensions and other modes of adaptation in the Russian culture. By offering concrete case studies it avoids easy stereotypes, deconstructs clichés, problematizes accepted truths, and identifies points of interaction between Russia and the West.

Referring to journalistic materials of the Russian, Mongolian, and Finnish press, the authors consider the features of the metaphorical use of language means that verbalise the elements of the culinary and gastronomic sphere in political discourse. The figurative use of the Rus. кухня, Mong. гал тогоо, Fin. keittiö "kitchen" fixed in explanatory dictionaries provides a basis for proving the universal character of the household artifact metaphor in different languages. The popularity of the kitchen metaphor as a means of conceptualising political life is due to the fact that kitchen and politics are spheres of life where the process of cooking, on the one hand, and conducting independent policies and decision-making on important issues, on the other, are complex phenomena in their nature and require a certain skill and professionalism. As a result of actions hidden from the attention of the uninitiated, a kind of "dish" is prepared, and it is qualitatively different from the original set of ingredients. The intensity of political life is transmitted by "temperature" lexemes of different parts of speech: "cook", "stew", "boil", "seethe", "foam", "scald"; nouns "fire", "boiling water", "steam"; adjectives and participles: "hot", "red-hot", "boiling". Porridge and soup are universal dishes of all the political cuisines and cooking them is connected with the indiscriminate mixing of ingredients in a boiling state and characterising the complexity and uncontrollability of active political life and political seasonings. The model analysed has a powerful axiological potential. Kitchen as a component of the world of everyday life often shows the inside of life, unattractive to prying eyes, forming a negative characteristic of political activities associated with unseemly and unscrupulous deeds of the people involved in the political process. The culinary and gastronomic metaphor involves the metaphor of dirt in its discourse and reinforces the negative characteristic of the political activity. ; Peer reviewed

Referring to journalistic materials of the Russian, Mongolian, and Finnish press, the authors consider the features of the metaphorical use of language means that verbalise the elements of the culinary and gastronomic sphere in political discourse. The figurative use of the Rus. кухня, Mong. гал тогоо, Fin. keittiö "kitchen" fixed in explanatory dictionaries provides a basis for proving the universal character of the household artifact metaphor in different languages.The popularity of the kitchen metaphor as a means of conceptualising political life is due to the fact that kitchen and politics are spheres of life where the process of cooking, on the one hand, and conducting independent policies and decision-making on important issues, on the other, are complex phenomena in their nature and require a certain skill and professionalism. As a result of actions hidden from the attention of the uninitiated, a kind of "dish" is prepared, and it is qualitatively different from the original set of ingredients.The intensity of political life is transmitted by "temperature" lexemes of different parts of speech: "cook", "stew", "boil", "seethe", "foam", "scald"; nouns "fire", "boiling water", "steam"; adjectives and participles: "hot", "red-hot", "boiling". Porridge and soup are universal dishes of all the political cuisines and cooking them is connected with the indiscriminate mixing of ingredients in a boiling state and characterising the complexity and uncontrollability of active political life and political seasonings.The model analysed has a powerful axiological potential. Kitchen as a component of the world of everyday life often shows the inside of life, unattractive to prying eyes, forming a negative characteristic of political activities associated with unseemly and unscrupulous deeds of the people involved in the political process. The culinary and gastronomic metaphor involves the metaphor of dirt in its discourse and reinforces the negative characteristic of the political activity. ; С опорой на публицистический материал русской, монгольской, финской прессы рассматриваются особенности метафорического использования языковых средств, вербализирующих элементы кулинарно-гастрономической сферы в политическом дискурсе. Употребление рус. кухня, монг. гал тогоо 'кухня', фин. keittiö 'то же' в переносном значении, закрепленное в толковых словарях, дает основу для доказательства универсальности бытовой артефактной метафоры в разных языках.Популярность метафоры кухни как средства концептуализации политической жизни объясняется тем, что кухня и политика — сферы жизнедеятельности, где процесс приготовления пищи, с одной стороны, и проведение самостоятельной политики и принятия решений по каким-либо важным вопросам — с другой, — представляют собой сложное по своей природе явление, требующее определенного мастерства и профессионализма. В результате действий, скрытых от внимания непосвященных, готовится некое «блюдо», качественно не похожее на первоначальный набор исходных компонентов.Интенсивность политической жизни передается «температурными» лексемами разных частей речи: глаголами «варить», «вариться», «кипеть», «бурлить», «пениться», «ошпариться»; существительными «огонь», «кипяток», «пар»; прилагательными и причастиями: «горячий», «раскаленный», «бурлящий». Универсальные блюда всех политических кухонь — «каша» и «суп», приготовление которых связано с беспорядочным смешиванием ингредиентов в кипящем состоянии, характеризуют сложность и неконтролируемость активной политической жизни.Анализируемая модель обладает мощным аксиологическим потенциалом. Кухня как компонент мира повседневности часто выступает как изнанка бытия, непривлекательная для посторонних глаз, формируя негативную характеристику политической деятельности, связанной с неблаговидными поступками и нечистоплотными делами людей, вовлеченных в политический процесс. Кулинарно-гастрономическая метафора вовлекает в свой дискурс также метафору грязи, что усиливает негативную характеристику политической деятельности.

Part I. Russian as a communicative tool: Lingua franca, intermediator or something else?: Introduction: The Russian language away from metropolis: challenges of pluricentric development / Arto Mustajoki, Ekaterina Protassova, Maria Yelenevskaya -- 1. The History of Internationalization of the Russian Language / Vladimir M. Alpatov -- 2. Democratization of the Russian Language / Arto Mustajoki -- The Russian-language legacy: 3. language policy in relation to the Russian language in Georgia before and after dissolution of the Soviet Union / Kakha Gabunia, Ketevan Gochitashvili -- 4. Russian in Armenia: Between Thriving and Surviving / Suren T. Zolyan, Karen S. Hakobyan -- 5. Russian in Azerbaijan: Changing Practices and Emerging Paradigms / Jala Garibova -- 6. Variability in the Russian Diaspora Speech of Estonia / Jelisaveta Kostandi, Irina Külmoja, Oksana Palikova -- 7. The Russian Language in Latvia: The Historic Linguistic Situation / Pavels Jurs, Alida Samusevica -- 8. The Russian Language of the Lithuanian Republic as Reflected in Mass Media Discourse / Birute Sinochkina -- 9. The Russian Language in Belarus and Ukraine / Jan Patrick Zeller, Dmitri Sitchinava -- 10. The Russian Language in Kazakhstan in the 21st Century / Damina Shaibakova -- 11. Russian Language in Kyrgyzstan: Status, Functioning and Collisions between Languages / Mamed D. Tagaev, Ekaterina Protassova -- Part III. The Russian-Speaking Diaspora: 12. The Russian Language in France: from the Russian Community to the National Education System / Irina Kor Chahine -- 13. Russian in Germany / Katharina Hamann, Kai Witzlack-Makarevich, Nadja Wulff -- 14. Russian and its Speakers in Finland / Johanna Viimaranta -- 15. The Russian Language in Canada / Veronika Makarova -- 16. The Russian Dialects Outside Russia: The Situation in South America / Olga Rovnova -- 17. Connected by Digital Imagination: Discourses of Belonging and Community Building of Russophone Migrants in the USA and Great Britain / Oksana Morgunova (Petrunko), Renat T. Zinnurov -- Part IV. New Trends in the Russian Language Teaching: 18. Heritage Russian in the US and the New Type of Pluricentricity in the Context of Immigration / Tanya Ivanova-Sullivan -- 19. Family Language Policy, Russian Language Use, Maintenance and Transmission in Cyprus and Sweden / Natalia Ringblom, Sviatlana Karpava -- 20. Russian As A Foreign Language Education in Japanese High Schools: A Multilingual Education Policy on the Margin / Sachiko Yokoi Horii -- Index.

Exploring Russian as a pluricentric language, this book provides a panoramic view of its use within and outside the nation and discusses the connections between language, politics, ideologies, and cultural contacts. Russian is widely used across the former Soviet republics and in the diaspora, but speakers outside Russia deviate from the metropolis in their use of the language and their attitudes towards it. Using country case studies from across the former Soviet Union and beyond, the contributors analyze the unifying role of the Russian language for developing transnational connections and show its value in the knowledge economy. They demonstrate that centrifugal developments of Russian and its pluricentricity are grounded in the language and education policies of their host countries, as well as the goals and functions of cultural institutions, such as schools, media, travel agencies, and others created by aemigraes for their co-ethnics. This book also reveals the tensions between Russia's attempts to homogenize the 'Russian world' and the divergence of regional versions of Russian reflecting cultural hybridity of the diaspora. Interdisciplinary in its approach, this book will prove useful to researchers of Russian and post-Soviet politics, Russian studies, Russian language and culture, linguistics, and immigration studies. Those studying multilingualism and heritage language teaching may also find it interesting.