Suchergebnisse

Issue of transgender is rising in the life of Indonesian society. To analyze the issue, I use a philosophical approach of communitarianism politics. This study is a library research with content analysis method and hermeneutics. Result of this study shows that the existence of transgender in Indonesia is closely related to orientation of constructed values in Indonesian society. Indonesia is one country that put heterosexualism as a normative value of society or a form of normativity (hetero-normativity). Therefore, identity of gender should be parallel with sexual identity, there is no third choice. This condition is embedded in Indonesian society as well as an assumption of communitarianism which says that orientation of individual values is based on values of his/her society.Then, it will determine the individual existence in his/her society.

By the end of the twentieth century the meaning of globalization were contested in every where. Not only in the economic or political debate, but it is also in the media. There are two major questions about globalization. Is that unavoided process or just an ideological project from the owner of social power in the world? Critical perspective said that world order not only as a product from the relations between one's states to the others but also product from the relations between social powers in the world. Include at this point are material, ideological, and institutional power. And the world order formed by the configuration of it. So, in the critical perspective, globalization isn't a natural or given reality, because any dominant actor in this project. And this actor uses their social power to directing where the globalization goes on. Unfortunatelly, no one's (states) try to struggle from this condition. They just keep silent in this hegemonic process. The last question is how to solve this problem? And Antonio Gramsci said that war of position and war of maneuver are the ways to solve this problem.

J.J. Rousseau conception about state of nature is not state of war but peace condition, abundant resources, and rooted in the pre history era. The condition changed when the savage man had been in transition to the civil society. In this situation conflict of interest appears and the State is needed to solve this problem. Rousseau proposes partisipatory democracy as ideality of the State. In the partisipatory democracy a souvereign will have important position because it will make a legislation. Because of that, all citizens must have a good political education so that their preference will be similar to general will. Keywords: state of nature, J.J. Rousseau, State, partisipatory democracy, general will.

Current approach of the government on managing waste is still focused on localizing waste by implementing method of TPA (Final Disposal Site), in which waste materials are collected and disposed in a certain area. This approachhas receiaed wide criticisms since it failed to anticipate the ecological and environmental degradation. This paper argues that the approach in waste management should not only focused on the 'end of pipe' method but also increasing the effort of 'clean production' mechanism. Using the case of waste management in Yogyakarta, this paper suggests some steps to synergizing the approaches and highlights the important of stakeholders' participation in optimizing waste management while preserving the environment.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis secara kritis problem pengelolaan lingkungan hidup di Indonesia sebagai bagian dari krisis ekologi global dan konsekuensinya terhadap isu keadilan inter-generasi. Untuk mencapai tujuan tersebut digunakan metode fenomenologi hermeneutik dengan unsur-unsur metodis interpretasi, induksi-deduksi, refleksi, idealisasi, dan heuristika. Berdasarkan penelitian yang telah dilakukan dapat disimpulkan bahwa terjadinya problem pengelolaan lingkungan hidup di Indonesia yang semakin mengarah pada kondisi krisis ekologi tidak hanya disebabkan oleh paradigma pengelolaan yang masih antroposentris, tetapi juga akibat dari ketimpangan akses dan distribusi sumberdaya serta kapital. Pemanfaatan sumberdaya didominasi oleh sekelompok kecil masyarakat yang menguasai kapital dan meminggirkan peran serta masyarakat lokal. Akibatnya terjadi eksploitasi alam oleh manusia yang merupakan turunan dari eksploitasi manusia atas manusia. Kondisi ini tidak saja membahayakan generasi sekarang, tetapi juga generasi yang akan datang. Untuk itu perlu dirumuskan kembali prinsip-prinsip dasar dalam politik pengelolaan lingkungan di Indonesia yang mampu mengantisipasi dua tipe eksploitasi tersebut sehingga mampu mengantisipasi tuntutan keadilan inter-generasi.

This study is an attempt to re-question the base arguments forsustainable developmentproposal with regardto environmental management. This attempt is important considering intensive deploymemt of cost and benefit calculations in every environmental management policy, which rooted in the utilitarian philosophical tradition. This research runs in the area of political philosophyandemploys methodical components includingdescription, interpretation, critical analysis, and verstehen. The current research suggests that the emergence of sustainable development as a concept of environment management goes along with modernity with all issues that it brings. The proposal of sustainable developments can be categorized into constructive postmodernismapproach. The main purpose of this proposal is to create a condition of balance between the needs of the present generation and the adequacy of the needs of the future generations. However, the concept appears to raise a new concern considering the meaning of "sustainability"has become contestation with strong tendency to economicconsideration which reduces the calculation of cost-benefits into cash-value calculations. This reductionis tendency leads to a dilemma considering the aspiration of shiftinganthropocentrism to ecocentrismunderlying behind concept of sustainable development will ironically produce a new forms of anthropocentrism.

Education is key to the process of the formation of character and national identity. Education plays an important role in alleviating poverty, to afrm human rights, eliminate social confict, and reinforce the ideology of the state. Education will also serve as the basis for the realization of sustainable development conditions. Meanwhile the condition of sustainable development can only be achieved by synergizing the various aspects of the life of the state, not only the economic, ecological, social, cultural, but also ideological. Center of Pancasila Studies UGM conducted a series of studies, including research by taking research subjects teachers of Pendidikan Pancasila dan Kewarganegaraan (PPKn) in south Bantul region with the aim of seeing and translating back and reinforcement learning scientifc methodology Pancasila. Tis study intends to map and identify learning models Pancasila has been done by every teacher in the school who will then be summarized into Pancasila model of learning methodologies. Te method of research used the method of focus group discussion (FGD) and training. At the fnal stage of this research can be concluded that the required learning model (methodology) innovative and involve learners in the learning process. Innovative learning process which will arouse the students' ability to better understand the values that will be the goal of learning. Starting from observing, ask, try, processing, presenting, and concluded. With more innovative learning model, the enthusiasm of the students will be stronger as well as the core values that would be submitted can be understood and implemented by the students.