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La borghesia di Stato: struttura e funzioni dell'impresa pubblica in Italia
In: Nuova informazione 60
Il profilo nazionale degli imprenditori immigrati
In: Mondi migranti: rivista di studi e ricerche sulle migrazioni internazionali, Heft 2, S. 41-73
ISSN: 1972-4896
Models of Neurotoxicity: Extrapolation of Benchmark Doses in Vitro
In: Risk analysis: an international journal, Band 23, Heft 3, S. 505-514
ISSN: 1539-6924
In risk assessment, no observed exposure level (NOAEL) and benchmark dose (BMD) are usually derived either from epidemiological studies in humans or from animal experiments. In many in vitro studies, concentration‐effect/response curves have been analyzed using different mathematical models finalized to the identification of EC50. In the present article, we propose a model to fit dose‐response curves in vitro. The BMD approach has been used to compare the cell viability (MTT assay) of different rat (C6 and PC12, glial and neuronal, respectively) and human cell lines (D384 and SK‐N‐MC, glial and neuronal, respectively) after 24‐hour exposure to the following neurotoxic substances: manganese chloride (MnCl2), methyl‐mercury (Me‐Hg), and the enantiomers of styrene oxide (SO). For all rat and human cell lines, the potency of the examined compounds was: MnCl2 < S‐SO < R‐SO < Me‐Hg. A preliminary comparison with in vivo toxicity data for these substances gave rise to consistent results. Whereas a reasonable agreement between in vitro and in vivo data has been found for Mn and styrene oxide, a wide scatter of LOAEL has been reported for Me‐Hg and these appear to be either much higher or lower than the BMD for the MTT assay we observed invitro.