Suchergebnisse

Acknowledgements -- List of Figures and Tables -- 1 Introduction -- 1 Historical Involvement of Women in Crime in Early Modern Europe -- 2 Crime and Gender in an Early Modern Italian City -- 3 Criminal Court Records as Sources for Social History -- 4 Composition of This Book -- 2 Women's Roles, Institutions, and Social Control -- 1 Political and Demographic Developments -- 2 Household Structures, Property Rights and Legal Capacity -- 3 Women within the Urban Economy -- 4 Interlocking Systems of Assistance and Control -- 5 Conclusion: Agency within a Culture of Constraint -- 3 The Torrone and the Prosecution of Crimes -- 1 The Tribunale del Torrone within Bologna's Legal Landscape -- 2 The Administration of Criminal Justice -- 3 Criminal Procedures -- 4 Italian Women's Involvement in Recorded Crime -- 5 The Character of Indicted Crime in Bologna -- 6 Gender Dynamics in the Sentencing of Crimes -- 7 Conclusion: Distinguishing Features of Women's Prosecution -- 4 Denunciations and the Uses of Justice -- 1 Women and the Uses of Justice -- 2 Denunciations before the Torrone -- 3 The Torrone as a Forum for Conflict Resolution -- 4 The Urban Context of Women's Litigation -- 5 The Users of Justice -- 6 Objectives of Litigation -- 7 Conclusion: Criminal Litigation, Gender and Agency -- 5 Violence and the Politics of Everyday Life -- 1 The Culture of Violence between Prosecution and Reconciliation -- 2 Lethal Violence in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries -- 3 Insults and the Politics of Daily Life -- 4 The Importance of Petty Physical Violence -- 5 Severity and Weapons -- 6 Violence and Social Relations -- 7 The Gendered Geography of Violence -- 8 Framing Men's and Women's Violence -- 9 Conclusion: Everyday Violence and the Uses of Justice -- 6 Theft and Its Prosecution -- 1 Legal Attitudes towards Theft -- 2 Prosecution and Sentencing -- 3 The Social Profile of Thieves and Economies of Makeshift -- 4 Stolen Goods -- 5 The Geographies of Theft -- 6 The Distribution of Stolen Goods -- 7 Conclusion: Judicial Paternalism and Women's Roles in Thieving -- 7 Conclusion -- 1 The Case of Bologna and Patterns of Female Crime -- 2 The Impact of Institutionalisation, Judicial Paternalism and Peacemaking Practices -- 3 Crime and Italian Women's Agency -- 4 Avenues for Future Research -- Appendix: Information on Samples -- Bibliography -- Index.

While the treatment of migrants in the criminal justice system has recently been designated one of the most relevant research directions in the history of crime, scholarship on the period before the nineteenth century and outside of England or Holland remains far and few between. This article offers a first exploration of the role of offenders' geographical origins in the administration of criminal justice in an early modern Italian city. It scrutinizes patterns of prosecution and sentencing for three distinct types of crime (pauper mobility, theft, and violence) brought before Bologna's secular criminal court in the seventeenth and eighteenth century. By doing so, it reveals both the variability of repertoires of inclusion and exclusion across the spectrum of criminalized behaviours, and the different stages at which a migrant past could pose a disadvantage in the personalized game with the norms we call early modern criminal justice.

AbstractThe complex relationship between the history of infectious diseases and social inequalities has recently attracted renewed attention. Smallpox has so far largely escaped this revived scholarly scrutiny, despite its century-long status as one of the deadliest and widespread of all infectious diseases. Literature has demonstrated important differences between rural and urban communities, and between cities, but has so far failed to address intra-urban disparities due to varying living conditions and disease environments. This article examines the last nationwide upsurge of smallpox in the Netherlands through the lens of Amsterdam's 50 neighborhoods in the period 1870–72. We use a mixed methods approach combining qualitative spatial analysis and OLS regression to investigate which part of the population was affected most by this epidemic in terms of age and sex, geographic distribution across the city, and underlying sociodemographic neighborhood characteristics such as relative wealth, housing density, crude death rate, and birth rate. Our analyses reveal a significant spatial patterning of smallpox mortality that can largely be explained by the existing social environment. Lacking universal vaccination, the smallpox epidemic was not socially neutral, but laid bare some of the deep-seated social and health inequalities across the city.

Bringing together the most current research on the relationship between crime and gender in the West between 1600 and 1914, this authoritative volume places female criminality within its everyday context. It reveals how their socio-economic and cultural contexts provided women with 'agency' against a range of European backdrops, despite a fundamentally patriarchal criminal justice system, and includes in-depth analysis of original sources to show how changing living standards, employment, schooling and welfare arrangements had a direct impact on the quality of life of working class women, their risk of becoming involved in crime, and the likelihood of being prosecuted for it. Rather than treating women's criminality as always exceptional, this study draws out the similarities between female and male criminality, demonstrating how an understanding of specific cultural and socio-economic contexts is essential to explain female criminality, both why their criminal patterns changed, and how their crimes were represented by contemporaries.