Suchergebnisse

Waste management represents a challenge for local communities and power due to many reasons that requires a better understanding of its different stages. The ability of Ukraine to realize gains in Municipal Solid Waste Management (MSWM) depends on its capacity to accept this knowledge and put to productive use through engineering, ensuring its effective use and organize and diffuse information among the stakeholders. The focus on MSWM is directly relating to both the environmental and socio-economic dimensions of sustainable development (SD) Country can borrow tools and technologies from outside, but they must tailor them accordingly to the local culture and knowledge-base if the new technologies are to be accepted and sustained. The International Carpathian School that takes place for the fourth year in a row in Kosiv, Ivano-Frankivsk region, has been studying the Baltic States experience in municipal waste management. Education is highly sensitive to local culture and language. Educators should build the knowledge transfer based on what students already know and how they think, and what the students must be taught in their own language. As for the benefits of such activities, Carpathian Winter School, a fast-growing volunteer project in Kosiv Region, Ukraine, has a promising future. It is designed as a local non-formal educational centre for providing the EU best practices in the MSWM, sustainable land protection, climate change mitigation and saving natural resources. Quadruple Helix model accepted from Linnaeus University, Sweden was tailored to the local environment. Due to the low investment climate in Ukraine, it was getting to focus on Education for SD, rather than generating business innovations. The School educational activities were structured on cooperation with the EU universities that allowed Ukrainian students to be acquainted with the best practice in MSWM and open a door to the European labour market. Simultaneously, the School provided a prospect to local scientists in maintaining professional links with their foreign colleagues. Having a central geographical position in CEE, the Carpathian Winter School may have a good chance to become a placement for promoting students' mobility and employability that is coherent with The Eastern Partnership (EaP) policy. ; Waste management represents a challenge for local communities and power due to many reasons that requires a better understanding of its different stages. The ability of Ukraine to realize gains in Municipal Solid Waste Management (MSWM) depends on its capacity to accept this knowledge and put to productive use through engineering, ensuring its effective use and organize and diffuse information among the stakeholders. The focus on MSWM is directly relating to both the environmental and socio-economic dimensions of sustainable development (SD) Country can borrow tools and technologies from outside, but they must tailor them accordingly to the local culture and knowledge-base if the new technologies are to be accepted and sustained. The International Carpathian School that takes place for the fourth year in a row in Kosiv, Ivano-Frankivsk region, has been studying the Baltic States experience in municipal waste management. Education is highly sensitive to local culture and language. Educators should build the knowledge transfer based on what students already know and how they think, and what the students must be taught in their own language. As for the benefits of such activities, Carpathian Winter School, a fast-growing volunteer project in Kosiv Region, Ukraine, has a promising future. It is designed as a local non-formal educational centre for providing the EU best practices in the MSWM, sustainable land protection, climate change mitigation and saving natural resources. Quadruple Helix model accepted from Linnaeus University, Sweden was tailored to the local environment. Due to the low investment climate in Ukraine, it was getting to focus on Education for SD, rather than generating business innovations. The School educational activities were structured on cooperation with the EU universities that allowed Ukrainian students to be acquainted with the best practice in MSWM and open a door to the European labour market. Simultaneously, the School provided a prospect to local scientists in maintaining professional links with their foreign colleagues. Having a central geographical position in CEE, the Carpathian Winter School may have a good chance to become a placement for promoting students' mobility and employability that is coherent with The Eastern Partnership (EaP) policy.

Land pollution belongs to the most serious environmental problems in Ukraine. The existing system of placing municipal solid waste (MSW) on landfills without proper pre-treatment based on ideas of the 1970s still dominates. Natural landscapes of Ukraine are largely destroyed due to legal and illegal landfills that exceed the space of all National parks and natural reserves. Currently Ukraine is going through massive social and political changes that allow modernization of the country on the basis of the fundamental trends of the sustainable development (SD). Waste management is a subject of particular attention. There is risk to give preference to outwardly attractive economic development, without regard to the unified, holistic models of the SD concept.Landscape ecology is one of the sciences that explore complex issues of interaction between society, economy and environment. It has to be effective in producing appropriate knowledge for landscape-development processes and would be suitable for use in collaborative decision-making on a local level.The purpose of this publication is to highlight opportunities for applied research in the area of MSW management which is the most problematic area in social and environmental measures. This is a subject for international environmental cooperation aimed at ensuring proper quality of Ukrainian landscapes as the country is seeking to be part of Western Europe. This paper presents local feasibility plan aimed at resolving problem of handling municipal waste flows and improving quality of urban landscapes. It is also aimed to show how significant the role of university has been in supporting the Triple Helix model, a driving force of MSW management on the local level. ; Land pollution belongs to the most serious environmental problems in Ukraine. The existing system of placing municipal solid waste (MSW) on landfills without proper pre-treatment based on ideas of the 1970s still dominates. Natural landscapes of Ukraine are largely destroyed due to legal and illegal landfills that exceed the space of all National parks and natural reserves. Currently Ukraine is going through massive social and political changes that allow modernization of the country on the basis of the fundamental trends of the sustainable development (SD). Waste management is a subject of particular attention. There is risk to give preference to outwardly attractive economic development, without regard to the unified, holistic models of the SD concept.Landscape ecology is one of the sciences that explore complex issues of interaction between society, economy and environment. It has to be effective in producing appropriate knowledge for landscape-development processes and would be suitable for use in collaborative decision-making on a local level.The purpose of this publication is to highlight opportunities for applied research in the area of MSW management which is the most problematic area in social and environmental measures. This is a subject for international environmental cooperation aimed at ensuring proper quality of Ukrainian landscapes as the country is seeking to be part of Western Europe. This paper presents local feasibility plan aimed at resolving problem of handling municipal waste flows and improving quality of urban landscapes. It is also aimed to show how significant the role of university has been in supporting the Triple Helix model, a driving force of MSW management on the local level.

Technology Needs Assessment process in Ukraine (TNA in Ukraine) was launched in 2019 covering Waste, Agriculture and Water sectors. In the Waste sector, the main objective of TNA in Ukraine is to facilitate wide diffusion of modern climate mitigation technologies into national waste management system through three implementation stages: 1) Technology prioritization; 2) Barrier analyses and enabling framework; 3) Technology action plan development. Two stages have been already completed, corresponding reports have been approved and became publicly available. Due to COVID-19 third stage is planned to be executed with certain delay by mid of 2021.During Technology prioritization stage six waste management technologies were identified as highly attractive to be disseminated in Ukraine including methane capture at landfills and waste dumps for energy production, mechanical-biological treatment of waste with biogas or SRF/RDF production etc. During Barrier analysis and enabling framework stage the following types of barriers for the wide dissemination of selected technologies were identified: economic and financial; legal and regulatory; networking; institutional and organizational capacity; human resources; social, cultural and behavioural; information and awareness; technical ones paying attention to gender aspects. The measures to overcome corresponding barriers were proposed. Concrete action plans to disseminate specific mitigation technologies in Ukraine will be developed at the third stage of the project. The already achieved results of the TNA in Ukraine have been used in the 2nd Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC 2) reports for the Waste sector. Thus, technology prioritization report was used for formulation the projection scenarios of the NDC 2 scientific documentation, as well as for evaluating the costs needed to implement proposed scenarios. Barrier analysis and enabling framework report was used for formulation the measures to achieve significant GHG reduction in the Waste sector, which were further proposed to the Government of Ukraine.Successful realization of the third stage of the project will facilitate climate investment inflow in the Waste sector of Ukraine. ; Technology Needs Assessment process in Ukraine (TNA in Ukraine) was launched in 2019 covering Waste, Agriculture and Water sectors. In the Waste sector, the main objective of TNA in Ukraine is to facilitate wide diffusion of modern climate mitigation technologies into national waste management system through three implementation stages: 1) Technology prioritization; 2) Barrier analyses and enabling framework; 3) Technology action plan development. Two stages have been already completed, corresponding reports have been approved and became publicly available. Due to COVID-19 third stage is planned to be executed with certain delay by mid of 2021.During Technology prioritization stage six waste management technologies were identified as highly attractive to be disseminated in Ukraine including methane capture at landfills and waste dumps for energy production, mechanical-biological treatment of waste with biogas or SRF/RDF production etc. During Barrier analysis and enabling framework stage the following types of barriers for the wide dissemination of selected technologies were identified: economic and financial; legal and regulatory; networking; institutional and organizational capacity; human resources; social, cultural and behavioural; information and awareness; technical ones paying attention to gender aspects. The measures to overcome corresponding barriers were proposed. Concrete action plans to disseminate specific mitigation technologies in Ukraine will be developed at the third stage of the project. The already achieved results of the TNA in Ukraine have been used in the 2nd Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC 2) reports for the Waste sector. Thus, technology prioritization report was used for formulation the projection scenarios of the NDC 2 scientific documentation, as well as for evaluating the costs needed to implement proposed scenarios. Barrier analysis and enabling framework report was used for formulation the measures to achieve significant GHG reduction in the Waste sector, which were further proposed to the Government of Ukraine.Successful realization of the third stage of the project will facilitate climate investment inflow in the Waste sector of Ukraine.

A landfill is a large bioreactor, in the body of which landfill gas is generated due to anaerobic degradation of organic material. According to European legislation, the emissions of the landfill gas should be kept to a minimum. With large volumes, gas can be used for energy production, but if the collection is uneconomic, an attractive option would be to cover the landfill with a bioactive layer to degrade methane in-situ. In operational Uikala sanitary landfill, Estonia, where active gas collection system exists, it was found that uncaptured gas could be degraded in bioactive cover layer. To check whether such cover layer could be built from fine fraction from mechanical biological treatment (MBT), two experimental cells were constructed (0-20 mm and 0-40 mm fractions). The paper presents the design of experimental cells, a description of materials for construction and construction process, and preliminary results. Measurement system was installed in both cells: gas wells at eight depths and on three locations on surface. Three-level lysimeters were installed to determine water balance. Research is planned for two years with monthly gas sampling. The objective of the work is proving which of the MBT fractions, ˂20 or ˂40 mm, functions better for methane degradation. Confirmation of the methane degradation efficiency in fine MBT fraction is important not only from the ecological point of view. The use of a fine fraction as a material for methane degradation layer would reduce the cost of processing this fraction and become a good example of a circular economy since the landfill would be recultivated using its own resources. ; A landfill is a large bioreactor, in the body of which landfill gas is generated due to anaerobic degradation of organic material. According to European legislation, the emissions of the landfill gas should be kept to a minimum. With large volumes, gas can be used for energy production, but if the collection is uneconomic, an attractive option would be to cover the landfill with a bioactive layer to degrade methane in-situ. In operational Uikala sanitary landfill, Estonia, where active gas collection system exists, it was found that uncaptured gas could be degraded in bioactive cover layer. To check whether such cover layer could be built from fine fraction from mechanical biological treatment (MBT), two experimental cells were constructed (0-20 mm and 0-40 mm fractions). The paper presents the design of experimental cells, a description of materials for construction and construction process, and preliminary results. Measurement system was installed in both cells: gas wells at eight depths and on three locations on surface. Three-level lysimeters were installed to determine water balance. Research is planned for two years with monthly gas sampling. The objective of the work is proving which of the MBT fractions, ˂20 or ˂40 mm, functions better for methane degradation. Confirmation of the methane degradation efficiency in fine MBT fraction is important not only from the ecological point of view. The use of a fine fraction as a material for methane degradation layer would reduce the cost of processing this fraction and become a good example of a circular economy since the landfill would be recultivated using its own resources.

Ukraine is one of the largest countries in Europe that has numerous environmental problems due to backward technologies and strong influence of the former totalitarian system. The article seeks to consider the current status of Ukrainian environmental policy and disclosing the idea of "environmental cooperation" with Baltic countries in scope of MSWM. The strategic route of Ukraine towards sustainable society and joining the EU determined the relevance of MSWM as one of the most substantial environmental impacts. Foreign experts note a significant backlog of Ukrainian MSWM compared to EU standards. Engineering studies that are the basis for decision-making authorities are in a very early phase of development. Household landfills are a significant source of greenhouse gases, leading to losses of land and spreading of dangerous compounds to surrounding water flows. The authors are outlining benefits of environmental cooperation to Ukraine and BSR countries at both international and local levels. Examples of donor assistance that Ukraine already obtained from Poland, Lithuania, Denmark, Sweden, Finland and Norway are discussed. Unfortunately, collaboration with Western countries very much depends on the political will of Ukrainian authorities. To the date, Ukraine does not meet a sufficient progress in obtaining the status of an associate EU member in spite of the announced cooperation strategy. In view of this, environmental cooperation at the regional and local level seems to be a key issue for Ukraine on its way towards sustainability and developing principles of democracy and market economy. Strong relations with Baltic countries are creating a good basis for overcoming environmental problems at regional and community level and may form a first pilot model of ecological security.

For the next century to come, one of the biggest challenges is to provide the mankind with relevant and sufficient resources. Recovery of secondary resources plays a significant role. Industrial processes developed to regain minerals for commodity production in a circular economy become ever more important in the European Union and worldwide. Landfill mining (LFM) constitutes an important technological toolset of processes that regain resources and redistribute them with an accompanying reduction of hazardous influence of environmental contamination and other threats for human health hidden in former dump sites and landfills. This review paper is devoted to LFM problems, historical development and driving paradigms of LFM from 'classical hunting for valuables' to 'perspective in ecosystem revitalization'. The main goal is to provide a description of historical experience and link it to more advanced concept of a circular economy. The challenge is to adapt the existing knowledge to make decisions in accordance with both, economic feasibility and ecosystems revitalization aspects. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.