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Article(electronic)#3August 1, 2008
Dorothee Hasskamp, Oligarchische Willkür - demokratische Ordnung. Zur athenischen Verfassung im 4
In: Zeitschrift der Savigny-Stiftung für Rechtsgeschichte. Romanistische Abteilung, Volume 125, Issue 1, p. 750-752
ISSN: 2304-4934
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World Affairs Online
Article(electronic)#52020
Hogyan segítsünk Afrikán?
In: Európai Tükör, Volume 23, Issue 1, p. 111-136
ISSN: 2560-287X
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Corpus inscriptionum Graecarum Pannonicarum
In: Hungarian Polis studies 3
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Open Access#72021
Cariprazine, A Broad-Spectrum Antipsychotic for the Treatment of Schizophrenia: Pharmacology, Efficacy, and Safety
Schizophrenia is characterized by positive, negative, cognitive, and affective symptoms. Antipsychotic medications, which work by blocking the dopamine D(2) receptor, are the foundation of pharmacotherapy for schizophrenia to control positive symptoms. Cariprazine is a dopamine D(3) receptor-preferring D(3)/D(2) partial agonist antipsychotic that is approved for the treatment of schizophrenia (USA and European Union [EU]) and manic and depressive episodes associated with bipolar I disorder (USA). Partial agonist agents have a lower intrinsic activity at receptors than full agonists, so they act as either functional agonists or functional antagonists depending on the surrounding neurotransmitter environment. Beyond efficacy against positive symptoms, the unique D(3)-preferring partial agonist pharmacology of cariprazine suggests potential advantages against negative symptoms, and cognitive and functional impairment, which are challenging to treat. The efficacy and safety of cariprazine in adult patients with schizophrenia have been demonstrated in four short-term randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trials, two long-term open-label studies, one relapse prevention study, and one prospective negative symptom study versus the active comparator risperidone. Additional post hoc investigations have supported efficacy across individual symptoms and domains in schizophrenia, as well as in diverse areas of interest including cognition, functioning, negative symptoms, hostility, and global well-being. This comprehensive review of cariprazine summarizes its pharmacologic profile, clinical trial evidence, and post hoc investigations. Collective evidence suggests that the pharmacology of cariprazine may offer broad-spectrum efficacy advantages for patients with schizophrenia, including effects against difficult-to-treat negative and cognitive symptoms, as well as functional improvements. Cariprazine was generally safe and well tolerated in patients with short- and long-term exposure and no new safety concerns ...
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