Suchergebnisse

La perspectiva estratégica de la contratación pública obliga a un
cambio de paradigma que pone los contratos al servicio de la consecución de
otros objetivos de política pública. Esta nueva visión no es reciente, sino que se
ha ido gestando en el marco de una Unión Europea que pugna por conjugar las
aspiraciones del mercado común con los objetivos de una Europa social y sostenible.
Así, paso a paso, las cláusulas medioambientales y sociales se han hecho
hueco en los contratos públicos; primero, de manera esporádica y puntual; en un
segundo momento, mediante un esfuerzo sistemático de análisis de su encaje en
las distintas fases del procedimiento de licitación; y finalmente, a través de una
propuesta clara en favor de una contratación pública estratégica. En este trabajo
nos acercamos, desde una perspectiva histórica y en el ámbito de la Unión, a la
construcción y caracteres de la contratación pública estratégica.
Kontratazio publikoaren ikuspegi estrategikoak paradigma aldatzera
behartzen du, eta horrek kontratuak politika publikoko beste helburu batzuk
lortzearen zerbitzura jartzen ditu. Ikuspegi berri hori ez da duela gutxikoa; aitzitik,
poliki sortu da merkatu bateratuaren nahiak Europa sozial eta iraunkorraren helburuekin
uztartzeko lehian diharduen Europar Batasunaren esparruan. Horrela,
urratsez urrats, ingurumen- eta gizarte-klausulek lekua egin dute kontratu publikoetan;
lehenik, noizbehinka eta puntualki; bigarrenik, lizitazio-prozeduraren fase
ezberdinetan nola sartu behar diren aztertzeko ahalegin sistematikoaren bidez; eta,
azkenik, kontratazio publiko estrategiko baten alde egindako proposamen argi bat
eginez. Lan honetan, ikuspegi historiko batetik eta Batasunaren esparruan, kontratazio
publiko estrategikoaren eraikuntzara eta ezaugarrietara hurbiltzen gara.
The strategic perspective of public procurement requires a paradigm
shift that puts procurement at the service of other public policy objectives. This new
vision is not a recent development, but has been taking shape within the framework
of a European Union that is striving to combine the aspirations of the common
market with the objectives of a social and sustainable Europe. Thus, step by step,
environmental and social clauses have made their way into public contracts; firstly,
sporadically and promptly; secondly, through a systematic effort to analyse how
they fit into the different phases of the tendering procedure; and finally, through a
clear proposal in favour of strategic public procurement. In this paper we approach,
from a historical perspective and within the scope of the Union, the construction and
characteristics of strategic public procurement.

Objective: To characterize the exposure to electric fields and magnetic fields of non-ionizing radiation in the electromagnetic spectrum (15 Hz to 100 kHz) in the dwellings of children from the Spanish Environment and Childhood-"INMA" population-based birth cohort. Methodology: The study sample was drawn from the INMA-Granada cohort. Out of 300 boys participating in the 9–10 year follow-up, 123 families agreed to the exposure assessment at home and completed a specific ad hoc questionnaire gathering information on sources of non-ionizing radiation electric and magnetic fields inside the homes and on patterns of use. Long-term indoor measurements were carried out in the living room and bedroom. Results: Survey data showed a low exposure in the children's homes according to reference levels of the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection but with large differences among homes in mean and maximum values. Daytime electrostatic and magnetic fields were below the quantification limit in 78.6% (92 dwellings) and 92.3% (108 dwellings) of houses, with an arithmetic mean value (± standard deviation) of 7.31±9.32 V/m and 162.30±91.16 nT, respectively. Mean magnetic field values were 1.6 lower during the night than the day. Nocturnal electrostatic values were not measured. Exposure levels were influenced by the area of residence (higher values in urban/semi-urban versus rural areas), type of dwelling, age of dwelling, floor of the dwelling, and season. Conclusion: Given the greater sensitivity to extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields of children and following the precautionary principle, preventive measures are warranted to reduce their exposure. ; This work was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Health (CIBERESP and FIS PI11/0610) and the Andalusia Regional Government, Council of Innovation, Science and Enterprise (Excellence Project P09-CTS-5488) and Council of Health (SAS PI-0675-2010).

Introduction: Cell-free DNA (cfDNA) methylation is an important molecular biomarker, which provides information about the regulation of gene expression in the tissue of origin. There is an inverse correlation between SOST gene methylation and expression levels. Methods: We analyzed SOST promoter methylation in cfDNA from serum, and compared it with DNA from blood and bone cells from patients undergoing hip replacement surgery. We also measured cfDNA methylation in 28 osteoporotic patients at baseline and after 6 months of antiosteoporotic therapy (alendronate, teriparatide, or denosumab). Results: SOST gene promoter methylation levels in serum cfDNA were very similar to those of bone-derived DNA (79% ± 12% and 82% ± 7%, respectively), but lower than methylation levels in blood cell DNA (87% ± 10%). Furthermore, there was a positive correlation between an individual's SOST DNA methylation values in serum and bone. No differences in either serum sclerostin levels or SOST methylation were found after 6-months of therapy with antiosteoporotic drugs. Conclusions: Our results suggest that serum cfDNA does not originate from blood cells, but rather from bone. However, since we did not confirm changes in this marker after therapy with bone-active drugs, further studies examining the correlation between bone changes of SOST expression and SOST methylation in cfDNA are needed to confirm its potential role as a bone biomarker. ; This study was supported by two grants from Instituto de Salud Carlos III (PI12/615 and PI16/915), through a program potentially co-funded by FEDER Funds from the European Union.