Suchergebnisse

In the article trust analysis to the major regional authorities on the level of the Northern sub-Arctic region of Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous area has been carried out. It is supposed methodologically, that trust circles act as the key element and long-term economic development precondition because they reduce transactions costs, allow you to make in a broader planning horizon, building relationships in the «power – business – society» triad. Empirical data shows that the regional society trust in the Yamalo- enets Autonomous area is at risk. The political parties, trade unions, the legislature of the region are least trusted by the Northern region' residents, as, indeed, by all residents of Russia. The court as a mean of protecting basic rights and freedoms and the Governor are considered to be the trust leaders among regional government institutions. The very high level of protest expectations is being supported by fairly sizeable (one third of the region residents) protest potential level. Taking into account the relative trust reduction to the Governor of the region by of Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous area' residents, this mood cannot but arouse concerns. This situation distinguishes the Northern region' residents from the other two sub-regions of the Tyumen region ones, where more than half of the population trusts the Governor, and there is positive dynamics of trust. ; В статье проводится анализ доверия к основным региональным институтам власти на уровне северного субарктического региона-Ямало-Ненецкого автономного округа. Методологически предполагается, что круги доверия выступают как основа элемента и условие долгосрочного экономического развития, поскольку они снижают трансакционные издержки, позволяют действовать в более широком горизонте планирования, выстраивая отношения в триаде власть – бизнес – общество. На основе эмпирических данных показано, что доверие в региональном социуме Ямало-Ненецкого автономного округа находится в зоне риска. Наименее доверяют жители северного региона, как, впрочем, и жители всей России, политическим партиям, профсоюзам законодательному собранию региона. Лидерами доверия среди региональных властных институтов выступают суд как средство защиты базовых прав и свобод и губернатор. При этом очень высокий уровень протестных ожиданий подкрепляется достаточно ощутимым (треть жителей региона) протестным потенциалом. Эти настроения не могут не вызывать опасений в условиях относительного снижения уровня доверия жителей ЯНАО к губернатору региона. Данная ситуация отличает жителей северного региона от жителей двух других субрегионов Тюменской области, где губернатору доверяет более половины жителей, и динамика доверия положительна.

ABSTRACT
Blockchain is a potent buzzword and a potentially transformative technology. Diverse businesses are looking to leverage this technology to reap its alleged benefits of increased efficiency, reduced costs, enhanced transparency, and improved traceability. Yet, significant confusion persists about the structure, utility, and applicability of blockchain technology. A clear understanding of what blockchain is and how it works is especially important for lawyers advising clients on the applications that use, or purport to use, it. This article aims to assist lawyers and regulators by providing conceptual clarity about what blockchain is, how it works, and its main use cases. These use cases include smart contracts, cryptoassets, and some central bank digital currencies. These applications may transform business practices, or even entire monetary and payment systems, so conceptual clarity among lawyers will only become more vital.

Purpose: the study methodological approaches to assessing the level of development of the digital economy and develop recommendations for improving digitalization development management processes.Methods: the research methodology is based on the use of elements of various types of analysis, statistical methods and macroeconomic modeling methods. The empirical base is represented by a set of thematic materials, including statistical data from European Union countries.Results: the study presents various interpretations of the content of the concept of "digital economy", indicating its content in accordance with the evolutionary development of society and the progress of scientific and technological progress. Approaches to measuring the level of development of the digitalization of the economy on a global scale are considered. The absence of the universally recognized universal indicators and methods recognized in this field has been revealed. An analysis of the development of the digital economy in the countries of the European Union using the Digital Economy and Society Index (DESI) is carried out. A model has been developed that allows the grouping of EU countries taking into account the level of development of the digital economy and the characteristic features for each selected group of countries, which will increase the efficiency of managerial decisions in the direction of the development of CEs in specific conditions.Conclusions and Relevance: the differentiation in the level of development of the countries of the European Union determines the presence of significant differences in strategic priorities in the implementation of the digitalization of the economy. The main direction of digitalization of the economy should be considered industrial production. A new production paradigm is the formation of intelligent production based on the introduction of digital production and digital information technologies in the main stages of the product life cycle. Sociocyberphysical systems capable of solving key problems, both in the digitalization of production systems and becoming the locomotives of the growth of the new economy, are being formed in this context. They have the ability to interact with both the environment and the social sphere through the creation of new jobs. The developed model is focused on taking into account the specific features of the development of a country (group of countries), allows you to identify key problems in the development of the digital economy and timely take the necessary measures to solve them. ; Цель настоящей статьи – исследование методических подходов к оценке уровня развития цифровой экономики и использование результатов анализа для понимания направлений процессов развития цифровой экономики.Методы или методология проведения работы. Методология исследования базируется на использовании элементов статистических методов и методов макроэкономического моделирования. Эмпирическая база представлена комплексом тематических материалов, включая статистические данные стран Европейского союза.Результаты работы. В рамках исследования представлены различные трактовки содержания понятия «цифровая экономика», с указанием его наполнения в соответствии с эволюционным развитием общества и течением научно-технического прогресса. Рассмотрены подходы к измерению уровня развития цифровизации экономики в странах мира. Выявлено отсутствие общепризнанных в этой сфере универсальных показателей и методов. Проведен анализ развития цифровой экономики в странах Европейского союза с использованием индекса цифровой экономики и общества (Digital Economy and Society Index, DESI). Разработана модель, позволяющая осуществлять группировку стран ЕС с учетом уровня цифровизации их экономик и характерных признаков для каждой выделенной группы, что способствует повышению эффективности принятия управленческих решений в направлении развития цифровой экономики в конкретных условиях.Выводы. Анализ выявил дифференциацию в уровне развития стран Европейского Союза, обусловленную наличием существенных различий в стратегических приоритетах реализации направлений цифровизации экономики. Основным направлением цифровизации экономики следует рассматривать промышленное производство. Формирование интеллектуального производства на базе внедрения цифровых производственных и цифровых информационных технологий в основные этапы жизненного цикла продукта становится новой производственной парадигмой. В этом контексте формируются социокиберфизические системы, способные решать ключевые задачи цифровизации производственных систем и стать локомотивами роста новой экономики, с возможностью включения взаимосвязи с окружающей средой и социальной сферой за счет создания новых рабочих мест. Предложенная модель ориентирована на учет специфических особенностей развития страны (группы стран), что позволяет выявлять ключевые проблемы в развитии цифровой экономики и своевременно предпринимать необходимые меры для их решения.

Morphostructural analysis of the relief and the analysis of the self-similarity characteristics of stream network of the Northern Sikhote-Alin and adjacent territories were carried out. The relief of the studied territory has an inherited character; it was formed in several stages during the neotectonic stage. The most intense vertical movements occurred at the early phases of the neotectonic stage. At Pleistocene time the intensity of vertical movements decreased significantly. At this time, the modern erosion-denudation forms of relief was formed. At the final stages of neotectonic development (at the end of the Pleistocene — Holocene), there was a slight activation of vertical movements with a changes in the structural plan and the manifestation of NNE stretched structures in the relief, which was reflected in the features of the residual relief. The boundaries of areas with increased residual relief coincide with areas of increased seismicity in the region. A modification of the complex self-similarity parameter PRNS was proposed, the use application of which allowed us to improve the correlation of this parameter with the latest (youngest) movements detected by the morphostructural method. Zones of maximum PRNS values correlate with the areas of greatest relief increment, and zones of it's minimum correlate with areas the smallest relief increment, or areas of most significant erosion. The results of the analysis of the characteristics of self-similarity of the stream network are mainly comparable with the manifestations of vertical tectonic movements at the final stages of neotectonic development.

Morphostructural analysis of the relief and fractal analysis of the stream network of the South of the Sikhote-Alin orogenic belt were carried out. The formation of the relief at the neotectonic stage occurred in several stages, which was reflected in the stream network pattern: 1) during pre-Oligocene time there was a general uplift of Sikhote-Alin; 2) in the Pliocene there was an activation of vertical neotectonic movements, most intense to the East of the Central Sikhote-Alin fault and synchronous whith basalt volcanism; 3) in the Pleistocene vertical movements of significant amplitude did not occur, at this time the modern erosion-denudation relief of the region was formed; 4) at the end of the Pleistocene and in Holocene there was a slight activation of vertical movements to the East of the Central Sikhote-Alin fault, which was reflected in the peculiarities of residual relief. Comparison of morphological and fractal analysis results showed, that the maximum of complex parameter of self-similarity PRNS coincide with the areas of greatest increments in elevation and the minima is the smallest increment of relief or whith the areas whith most significant erosion. In regions with the stage character of neotectonic development during fractal analysis of stream network it is necessary to consider additional factors due to the peculiarities of development of the stream network at each stage of development, and conservative of its pattern, reflecting features of the development of the relief in different stages.