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There are approximately 54000 nurse and midwife prescribers across the United Kingdom (UK), with 19000 nurse independent and supplementary prescribers. Prostate cancer specialist nurses are ideally suited to implement advanced levels of practice in non-medical prescribing, but little has been detailed in the literature about the prescribing practice in this clinical context. This paper set out to critically review evidence-based recommendations for Prostate Cancer Specialist Nurses using a case study reflection to contextualize the role of non-medical prescribing. A structured literature review was conducted in a range of electronic databases (DARE, Cochrane, MEDLINE, BNI, PsychINFO, EMBASE and CIHAHL), and a grey literature search in google, to identify studies employing a qualitative and/or quantitative methods. National (UK) and European clinical guidelines and legislative frameworks were also included. Methodological evaluation was conducted and evidence-based recommendations were integrated into a narrative synthesis. A multidisciplinary and proactive approach to the management of men with metastatic prostate cancer ensures safe and effective prescribing practice, and optimizes supportive care delivery. A reflective case study has illuminated the key features necessary to maximize the success of non-medical prescribing in prostate cancer care and captures the importance of good working relationships. While different practice models will emerge, the Prostate Cancer Model of Consultation may facilitate a structured framework for safe practice, embedded in effective communication strategies. Non-medical prescribers must be committed to continual professional development, and prescribe safely within individual competencies and scope of professional practice. There is a pressing need for further research to evaluate prescribing practices with a particular focus on the nature of influencing factors on prescribing decisions, cost-effectiveness and a more detailed understanding of how team working and inter-team referral affects prescribing decisions between the Multidisciplinary Team (MDT) members.

Against the backdrop of reforms in social management, there are more and more families that have lost their only child or whose only child got disabled due to external factors, bringing the group—"Shidu" [1]elderly to the focus of the society. When the late years of shidu parents arrive, a series of problems would follow. An investigation shows that shidu parents have diverse needs ranging from financial assistance, physical care, to mental consolation about psychological trauma. To satisfy their holistic needs, social work agencies have developed a "1+3" service mode. Based on an investigation of demands of shidu elderly and the available social management services, this study recommends to the relevant social management units and other social service organizations to establish a comprehensive social management service system for the effective service delivery to these "shidu" elderly known people. The study suggests a comprehensive study from the governmental interventions perspective in this field.[1] Shidu elderly people refers to aged parents 60 or above, who have lost their only child.

Women empowerment has remained a long standing issue for practitioners and policy makers at all levels even in the present modern known era of modernization. The basic objective of this study is to assess gender equality in the top sphere of the SAARC key governmental institutions from the recruitment and selection perspective. This study has used secondary data collected from the official websites of the governments and its affiliated key institutions. The unique feature of this study is that it analyzes gender inequality phenomena form the recruitment and selection perspective. An extensive gap has been identified between male and female top executives serving in key government institutions, which is not only a serious challenge for the global gender equality policy but also a serious question on government gender selection polices in the region. The notion of male dominance clearly prevails in the current scenario of the gender representation in government institutions, which remains a serious challenge for the gender equality. It has been concluded that a special focus is needed to prioritize the selection mechanism for females in top power structure of these governments especially in SAARC region.

PurposePertinent information sharing across various government agencies, as well as non‐governmental and private organizations, is essential to assess the incident situation, identify the needed resources for emergency response and generate response plans. However, each agency may have incident management systems of its choice with valuable information in its own format, posing difficulty in effective information sharing. Application‐to‐application sharing cross agency boundaries will significantly reduce human efforts and delay in emergency response. Information sharing from disparate systems and organizations, however, requires solving of the interoperability issue. The purpose of this paper is to present the UICDS™‐based resource sharing framework as a step toward addressing the afore‐mentioned challenges.Design/methodology/approachA prototype middleware system is developed using a standards‐based information sharing infrastructure called UICDS™ (Unified Incident Command and Decision Support™), an initiative led by the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) Science and Technology division. This standards‐based middleware, resource management plug‐in utilizes the ontology of organizational structure, workflow activities and resources, and the inference rules to discover and share resource information and interoperability from different incident management applications.FindingsThe middleware prototype implementation shows that the UICDS™‐based interoperability between heterogeneous incident management applications is feasible. Specifically, the paper shows that the resource data stored in the Resource Directory Database (RDDB) of the NJ Office of Emergency Management (NJOEM), Hippocrates of the New Jersey Department of Health and Senior Services (NJDHSS) can be discovered and shared with other incident management systems using the ontology and inference rules.Research limitations/implicationsThis study illustrates the possible solutions to the application to application interoperability problem using the DHS initiated interoperability platform called UICDS™.Originality/valueThe resource discovery and emergency response planning can be automated using the incident domain ontology and inference rules to dynamically generate the location‐based incident response workflows.

Marketing approach rarely moves ahead without self-interest. This inculcates a strong link between customer orientation and strategies followed for public sector marking. In case of China, due to huge population, there seems a greater challenge to maintain quality services and public satisfaction. Taking into account the extensively developed railway network, we conducted a survey of customers utilizing train services in China with an aim to document train service effectiveness in relation to satisfaction and perceived customer orientation. The evaluation was based on questionnaire specifically prepared to analyze public sector marketing effects on shaping views of train customers who travel within China through railway network. Results enabled us to construct a model that clearly indicates speed, comfort, cleanliness and flexible train schedules have strong positive impact train users. Marketing focus on purchase of tickets such as online buying and information about train schedules inside stations has inspired huge population to prefer travelling through train than any other means. Our findings show that well planned customer orientation before public service marketing will create a customers need which can be set as political objective to enhance customer satisfaction by taking control of that need as in the case of China high speed train. DOI:10.5901/mjss.2016.v7n3s1p155