Suchergebnisse

I am thankful to PIDE for giving me the opportunity to be here
and participate in this important discussion. It is always exciting to
come back to this audience because this is where I started my career as
an economist. We have with us Dr S. M. Naseem and Dr Nawab Haider Naqvi
who guided me in my earlier years and I would like to thank them also. I
will try to restore some balance after Dr Ashfaque's alarming comments
on the state of the economy, recognising well that we have challenges
that need to be addressed. Mr Baldridgde in his discussion has given us
fifty questions that capture many of the challenges. But first let me
say a few words about whether politics should triumph over economics or
the other way around. Lets not forget that we have a democratically
elected government that represents a delicate coalition of several
political parties and competing political interests. In this setting, it
is not at all surprising that technocratic economic solutions are
secondary to the political ones, and that "economics does not triumph
over politics" as lamented by the previous panelist. In a democratic
framework, the economists' role is to ensure that political objectives
are met without inflicting an unsustainable fiscal burden and
sacrificing the long term development objectives.

The author identifies the contractual terms in sharecropping that result in efficient use of resources. Evidence is then presented from Pakistan to comment on the manner in which landlords ensure that sharecroppers fulfil the terms. It is shown that landlords in general specify contract terms that encourage sharecroppers to adopt new techniques of production. The study concludes that share-cropping tenancies do not appear to result in output loss even when technology is changing. (DÜI-Sen)

Some of the factors which determine the efficient use of
scarce resources in industrial development are: the size of firms in the
industry [I ;10 and 22], the type of technology - 'sophisticated' or
'traditional' - used in the production process [9; 18; 19 and 21] ,
availability of skilled manpower [7] ,depth of the entrepreneurial
talent [2; 6 and IS}, and judicious policies regarding industrial
location [20). In the discussion that follows we attempt to quantify the
impact of these factors on firm efficiency, using evidence from
Pakistan.

Pakistan's development efforts are guided by its 2011 Framework for Economic Growth, which identifies actions needed to create a prosperous, industrialized Pakistan through rapid and sustainable development. Industrialization has the potential to drive Pakistan's economic growth and contribute significantly to meeting both economic and human development goals in Pakistan. Expansions of industrialization activities, whether in highly developed or developing countries, can be stimuli for intense debate about such projects' benefits and costs to the region in which they are to be located, to the national economy-and to human health and the environment. Pakistan's 2011 Framework for Economic Growth recognizes that, to accelerate industrialization, Pakistan must reduce the cost of doing business and create an incentive structure designed to achieve a competitive, dynamic, and export-driven industrial sector capable of providing employment to the growing labor force. Competing in global markets requires a socially and environmentally sustainable industrialization strategy. The four main inputs for sustainable industrial growth in Pakistan discussed in this book are 1)Macroeconomic stability and sectoral policies to support industrial competitiveness by allowing long-term planning, including investments in infrastructure and cleaner production. 2)Upgraded trade facilitation and infrastructure (particularly transport and energy) to address some of industrialization's spatial aspects. Improved transport infrastructure will lower production's environmental costs. 3)Greening of Pakistan's industrial sector to enhance international competitiveness-"greening" will make Pakistan a more attractive export partner for nations and firms committed to green production. 4)Strong institutions-for example, environmental management agencies to control pollution, and

Sri Lanka achieved middle-income-country status in January 2010, on the strenght of of the economic growth fueled by the liberalization policy introduced in the late 1970s and pursued albeit unevenly in the following years. To continue growing, however, Sri Lanka needs to pay attention to its much neglected infrastructure. Accordingly, this report, aims to provide policy makers in Sri Lanka with a sound analytical basis for prioritizing investments and designing policy interventions that result in the mobilization of funds and their effective use for future development of Sri Lanka's infrastructure, and also to improve understanding of the infrastructure sectors in Sri Lanka, including their current state and performance, future development needs, investment requirements and financing gaps, and bottlenecks to infrastructure development.The report assesses the country's infrastructure endowment and performance, analyzes the contribution of infrastructure to economic and spatial development, and outlines investment needs and strategic priorities within those established by the Mahinda Chintana. It provides a cross-sectoral analysis of the major infrastructure cross-cutting themes including the link between infrastructure and poverty reduction and economic growth; the institutional and regulatory framework; the main issues regarding planning, coordination, and financing; and the role and constraints of private sector participation in infrastructure financing and service provision. It identifies bottlenecks to economic growth and considers policy issues to address them.