Suchergebnisse

THE EVALUATION RESEARCH UTILIZATION QUESTION IS ADDRESSED IN THIS ESSAY. AN IDEALIZED MODEL OF EVALUATION IS DESCRIBED AND COMPARED WITH AN "ACTUAL' MODEL, I.E., ONE USED IN A RITUAL SENSE TO CALM THE CITIZENRY OR TO RESOLVE CONFLICT. THE AUTHOR ARGUES IN FAVOR OF THE VALUE OF EVALUATION RESEARCH AND ITS USEFULNESS IN THE POLICY MAKING PROCESS.

THIS ARTICLE BEGINS WITH AN ANALYSIS OF THE 1973 GENERAL ELECTION IN ISRAEL. AN OBSERVATION IS MADE CONCERNING THE TRANSITORY COMPETITIVENESS OF THE RIGHT-WING OPPOSITION, WHICH SUBSEQUENTLY IS CHALLENGED. THE MAJOR REASONS AND MECHANISMS FOR THESE DEVELOPMENTS ARE IDENTIFIED. SOME PROPOSITIONS CONCERNING THE INSTITUTIONALIZATION AND EXPANSION OF PARLIAMENTARY OPPOSITIONS ARE EVALUATED.

DRAWING ON THE ISREAL EXPERIENCE, THE AUTHOR SUGGESTS THAT IN DOMINANT PARTY SYSTEMS WHERE A PLURALITY PARTY MUST BE INCLUDED IN EVERY WINNING COALITION, COALITIONS LARGER THAN NECESSARY TO WIN ARE FORMED, THE PLURALITY PARTY IS CAPABLE OF MAXIMIZING THE MOST SIGNIFICANT PAYOFFS, AND HENCE IT HAS LITTLE TO LOSE BY FORMING LARGER COALITIONS AND ALLOCATING SECONDARY PAYOFFS.

Examines performance in allocating CDBG (Community Development Block Grant) funds and citizen participation in decision-making. Findings show disparities between 2 performance indicators and the target area designations. (SJK)

The political effects of the Community Development Block Grant (CDBG) in one entitlement city -- Milwaukee, Wisc -- are evaluated, focusing on the performance of local government in the allocation of CDBG funds & the degree to which local citizens participate in the decision-making process. The analysis is based on data drawn from case studies, public documents compiled 1979-1988, systematic observations of all Policy Committee & Citizen Advisory Council meetings, & personal interviews with Policy Committee members & representatives of community-based organizations. The findings reveal differences between two neighborhood strategy areas, with one area being in much greater need of CDBG funding. Because need is the primary criterion for funding eligibility, the minimization of inequities should guide the implementation of the CDBG program. The need for increased citizen participation in the formation & implementation of public policy is identified. 8 Tables, 21 References. W. Howard

A CONVERGENCE OF FUNCTIONS, FINANCING AND GOVERNANCE ARRANGEMENTS BETWEEN "PUBLIC" AND "PRIVATE" SECTOR OF SOCIETY CLOUD THE STUDY AND UNDERSTANDING OF POLICY MAKING, IMPLEMENTATION AND EVALUATION. FORCES CREATING AND SHAPING THE INTERPENETRATED SOCIETY ARE TRENDS TOWARD PROFESSIONALISM AND CORPORATISM. THE HEALTH INDUSTRY PROVIDES AN EXAMPLE. INCREASINGLY, BUT WITH LITTLE FORMAL GUIDANCE FROM POLITICAL THEORY, THE AMERICAN SYSTEM HAS AUTHORIZED PRIVATELY CONSTITUTED CITIZEN GOVERNING BOARDS TO SPEND TAX DOLLARS, MAKE AND IMPLEMENT POLICY CHOICES, AND EVALUATE OUTCOMES. THIS ESSAY ARGUES FOR CLOSER EXAMINATION OF THE NATURE OF REPRESENTATION AND ACCOUNTABILITY IN THESE LITTLE STUDIED CREATURES OF GOVERNANCE AND INTRODUCES THE SUBSEQUENT ARTICLES ADDRESSED TO THE SUBJECT.

This is the first comprehensive examination of the evolution of executive governance in Israel. The book describes and analyzes the political and bureaucratic structures and processes that led to the predominance of the executive in policymaking and governance. It also analyzes recent political and administrative reforms and their consequences on the Knesset, political parties, governing coalitions and non-elected public authorities.

Argues that complexity may be acknowledged and studied systematically within the context of post-positivist approaches. Proposes several strategies for conceptualizing and researching complexity (at a 'meta-level' from substantive policy research) that are based in systems theory. (Original abstract-amended)