Suchergebnisse

This report presents the findings from the village midline study conducted in Madhuri Village, the CCAFS benchmark site of Rupandehi district, Nepal between the 26th and the 30th of May 2019 . This document reports on the various changes which have occurred since the baseline was conducted in the same village. Changes in agricultural practices, sources of information, organizational and institutional development, climate change adaptation practices, and networks present in the community are assessed. During the village midline study, the participants identified 16 different organizations working closely with the community. These organizations provide support to households in the village in sectors such as agriculture, livestock, finance, saving and credits, infrastructural development, or irrigation. Special attention was paid to organizations which were working on food security and natural resource management. There have been significant changes in the federal government structure which has provided opportunities for the villagers. Women-led cooperatives were instrumental in uplifting the status of women and empowering them economically. Very few organizations working in the sector of natural resource management were cited by participants. Both groups identified that the information on seed selection and spacing, timing of fertilizers application along with information on irrigation have been received from cooperatives and agro-vets. Relatives and rural municipality played an important role in disseminating the information in the village. However, the frequency at which information was being spread was noted to be very low. Training on climate change and climate change adaptation, sustainable development, natural resource conservation and management, need to be the focus of future activities. Proper linkages and coordination mechanisms between both governmental and non –governmental organizations are necessary for the community to combat climate change's negative impacts and increase resilience within the village.

This report summarizes the main findings from the household midline survey conducted in seven villages of the district of Rupandehi, one of CCAFS site, in Nepal in July 2019. The household survey revisited the 135 households of the 2012 CCAFS baseline survey and used the same standardized household survey tools. The Open Data Kit (ODK) software was used for the data collection. The results show that the majority of households in Rupandehi produce a variety of crops, among which rice, wheat and mustard. Many farmers also rear livestock such as cows, buffalo, chicken, oxen and goat. All members of the family typically engage in the on-farm agricultural work but men are more likely to be also involved in off-farm activities. Households members derive their income from a variety of sources, the main one being payments from the government or other projects/programs. This is followed by remittances and income from businesses as the main alternative income sources for many households. Moreover, most of the farmers have made changes in their agricultural practices since the baseline. Many have introduced higher-yielding crop varieties or have stopped keeping one or more types of animals on the farm. In terms of food security, the majority of the households surveyed in Rupandehi district are food secure throughout the entire year. The households mostly obtain their food directly from their farms. However, some of the households purchase food from other sources, especially during the month of June, July and August. Most farmers are small landholders, almost 75% of the households' land sizes are marginal (< 1 ha), followed by a minority of smallholders owning between 1 and 2 ha of land. 98% of the households indicated buying seeds and inorganic fertilizers whereas 95% of households reported the purchase of pesticides and insecticides. 70% of households also recorded the purchase of veterinary medicine. According to the survey, television, cell phone and bicycle are the most common assets in the area. Internet access is also common in many households. Women are mostly involved in crops cultivation, mainly vegetables and cereals along with rearing livestock. The farmers have shifted towards higher-yielding and better-quality varieties of rice, and wheat. The survey findings indicate that farmers are well aware of agricultural innovations and tend to use new crop varieties.

This report summarizes the findings of the Pakhana village midline study (VMS), one of the CCAFS benchmark site in Karnal district, India. The study was conducted from June 14th to 17th 2019 to complement an earlier household midline survey and village baseline survey which were conducted in the same district. The village midline study aims to document changes reported since the village baseline study on some fundamental indicators of natural resource use, the organizational landscape, weather and agriculture-related information networks, as well as information on mitigation options. The study used participatory methods of data collection in which men and women participants were split to form two non-mixed groups. The two groups reflected on changes in the state of resources that were identified at the time of the baseline study. During the midline study, men and women participants identified ten organizations supporting the community in agriculture, livestock, Micro Finance Institution (MFI), education, food distribution, and community development. The main focus of the food security-related organizations identified was on food availability and to a lesser extent on food access and utilization. NRM related organizations were all affiliated with the government and had limited engagement with climate change-related issues and remained focused on agriculture or livestock. All identified organizations were categorized as weak and suffering from a lack of funding and human resources. Furthermore, the groups identified several sources of information on agricultural production, markets, weather, health and nutrition, livestock, and climate change. The population uses existing home appliances such as phones, mobiles, electricity, television and radio to access information. Farming related information was the most sought after for the men's group, followed by climate change, weather and market prices. Women reported seeking all types of information equally. The most popular sources of information were friends, relatives, neighbours, radio and television. Other options such as accessing market prices information via mobile phones were identified but used less frequently. Internet is becoming widely popular and a reliable source of information among the villagers. Finally, the recommendations from the community are focused on improving soil fertility, water availability, groundwater quality, farm profitability, expansion opportunities, and climate change mitigation interventions. With improved access to assistance and capacity building that meet local needs, Pakhana is well-positioned to adequately address its evolving conditions.

The Gabgachhia village is located in the coastal region of Bangladesh's Khulna district. It is one of the seven villages selected for the CCAFS midline household survey. The village was also selected for the village midline study (VMS). The community has witnessed multiple changes in resources, institutional setting, infrastructure and organizational activities, especially surrounding natural resources management as well as on food security issues, farming systems development and management. These changes might be attributable to a combination of factors among which population increase, different resource utilization and mobilization patterns, adoption of new varieties and as responses to climate change impacts. Although forests have been depleted, there are some initiatives to support roadside plantation and social forestry. The low productivity in farmlands due to rising salinity, flooding and the cultivation of inappropriate crop varieties has improved since the baseline with soil salinity problems lessening with time. The farmlands are usually rain-fed but initiatives for better irrigation with sluice-gate operations improved the situation and farmers reported adopting improved varieties. The drinking water situation is reported to have improved. However, in order to meet higher demands for water, the community has to collect significant amounts of water from around the area and from more distant communities. Initiatives to harvest rainwater and conserve water for the winter season are reported to have gained in popularity. Infrastructure is also reported to have improved but to not be enough to withstand population and environment pressures. Subsistence farming of rice, 'gher'-farming, as well as some fruit and vegetables production, aquaculture and limited poultry and livestock production are reported to be the main sources of food in Gabgachhia village. Improvement in available income generating opportunities, farming practices, agricultural production and in access to drinking water, as well as the setting up of a mother care centre, better education facilities for future generations, and finally, fully functioning canals and a greener environment were core aspects of the village's vision for the future. Many organizations are working in and around the village and beyond, representing the government, NGOs, private sector and international entities as well as community organizations. The organizations identified in the village focused on religion, education, health, income generation, loans, local governance, agriculture, fisheries, water and disasters response. The local government is central in providing and coordinating development activities and services. The community's organizations strongly support mosques and schools among others. Several organizations were reported to target food security related issues and improved nutrition, access to finance, capacity building for income generation, and water management. Some organizations were reported to shift their focus and provide assistance when a disaster or crisis occurred by providing food, clothing, drinking water, medicine and financial support to construct houses. The community also identified a handful of organizations addressing natural resource management, with a focus on water management infrastructure, biodiversity conservation, aquaculture and agroforestry training, and the provision of tree saplings. The analysis of linkages within and between organizations pointed out high levels of vertical linkages within organizations but limited horizontal linkages due to a lack of coordination between organizations. The organizations were noted to focus on their own efforts and to not engage with other institutions beyond the local government. Organizational support is provided on a regular basis and is especially active in times of needs. Yet, the lack of coordination and limited resources remain important constraints. The participants in the village midline study also reported on their means of access to information and provided details on their sources of information for weather, agriculture, livestock/poultry, aquaculture and disasters and other crisis related issues. Both formal and informal sources were noted to be popular in the community with the majority of information being shared between neighbours or acquired through the radio and television and through the government and local administration.