cover -- संक्षिप्त अनुक्रमणिका -- विस्तृत अनुक्रमणिका -- आकृत्यांची सूची -- तक्त्यांची सूची -- प्रस्तावना -- पुस्तकाविषयी -- लेखक परिचय -- ऋणनिर्देश -- विभाग १ पसरलेले पंख -- प्रकरण १ १९५० नंतरच्या सर्वसमावेशक वृद्धीच्या विकास धोरणांची स्पर्धात्मक सापेक्षता: पूर्वावलोकन -- प्रकरण २ विकास प्रक्रियेचा अनुभव -- विभाग 2 वैकासिक क्रांतीची चिकित्सा -- प्रकरण 3 वैकासिक क्रांतीचे पुनःपरीक्षणः किती वास्तव? -- प्रकरण ४ वैकासिक क्रांतीच्या प्रेरणा -- प्रकरण ५ वैकासिक क्रांती: खुली होती का बंदिस्त? -- प्रकरण ६ वैकासिक क्रांती आणि सर्वसमावेशक वाढीचा ध्यास -- विभाग ३ उदारमतवाद एक दुःस्वप्न -- प्रकरण ७ उदारमतवादाचा उद्रेक -- प्रकरण ८ उदारमतवादाचा चढता आलेख -- प्रकरण ९ नैतिक अधिकारांचे उदारमतवादी तत्त्वज्ञान आणि त्यांची आर्थिक विषयपत्रिका -- प्रकरण १० उदारमतवादाने सर्वसमावेशक वृद्धीकडे केलेले दुर्लक्ष -- विभाग ४ उदारमतवादाची एक लाट सामावून घेणे -- प्रकरण ११ उदारमतवादासमोरील सैद्धान्तिक आव्हाने -- प्रकरण १२ खाजगीकरणाची काळी बाजू -- प्रकरण १३ संरचनात्मक समायोजन उपक्रम आणि सर्वसमावेशक नसणारा विकास -- प्रकरण १४ उदारमतवादाचा नीतीनिरपेक्ष पाया -- विभाग ५ मानव संसाधन उपक्रम -- प्रकरण १५ मानव विकास उपक्रम -- प्रकरण १६ सर्वप्रथम मनुष्यबळ विकास व्यूहरचना -- प्रकरण १७ सर्वप्रथम मनुष्यबळ विकास आणि विकासकेंद्रित व्यूहरचना यापैकी एकाची निवड -- प्रकरण १८ वृद्धीसंबंधित समस्या आणि मानवी विकास उपक्रम -- प्रकरण १९ मानव विकास उपक्रम आणि सर्वसमावेशक विकासाचा ध्यास -- विभाग ६ सर्वसमावेशक विकास -- प्रकरण २० सर्वसमावेशक विकास व्यूहनीती -- प्रकरण २१ सर्वसमावेशक विकास व्यूहनीतीची मूलतत्त्वे -- प्रकरण २२ सर्वसमावेशक विकासाचा शोध -- प्रकरण २३ वृद्धी, समानता आणि दारिद्र्य यांमधील मूलभूत संबंध -- प्रकरण २४ सर्वसमावेशक विकासाचे सुलभीकरण -- प्रकरण २५ सर्वसमावेशक विकास व्यूहनीतीची नैतिक प्रेरणा -- प्रकरण २६ प्रखर वास्तव उजेडात आणणे -- संदर्भग्रंथ सूची.
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This paper explores the idea of Inclusive Growth as it has evolved over time since the Industrial Revolution in the West, and in the developing countries since 1950, when development economics and development policy were officially born. It is defined as a policy that deliberately seeks to achieve concurrently a dynamic relationship between the growth of per capita income, the distribution of income and the level of poverty in a growing society. The active pursuit of this three-pronged objective must, therefore, be the basic aim of development policy. Experience shows that this relationship, though generally true, is by no means automatic, nor is it amenable to quick fixes. The main premise of the present paper is that without inclusive growth the standard of living of a people cannot be raised on a permanent basis. The paper argues that to succeed in grasping the Holy Grail will require a major rethinking of development policies to guide developing countries along a high-growth trajectory. In particular, development policies that the fast-growers (especially the miracle-growers of East Asia and now China) have pursued must also form part of the policy-packages of developing countries together with measures to promote high rates of saving to finance the investment requirements of a fast-growing economy, and government-supported import-substituting industrialisation, among others. Yet, the policies of the fast-growers need not be imitated blindly. But they should be adjusted to take into account new knowledge about the development process. To institutionalise growth on a long-term basis, governments must also prepare a new social contract to lay firm foundations of a dynamic society based on social justice; which, in turn, requires a creative synergy of economic, political and social forces at work in the society.
The evolution of development policy over time can be characterized as a faltering pursuit of inclusive growth: namely, an integrated program of achieving highest possible rate of growth of the real GDP that doubles per capita income within a short period of time, with an eye on distributive justice and an undivided focus on reduction in poverty. There is a link that ties these apparently disparate policy objectives; but these links need to be strengthened by deliberate government policy to make them fully functional.2 It is only by achieving these connected objectives simultaneously or in quick succession that efforts to bring prosperity to humanity condemned perpetually to a life of drudgery and poverty can be crowned with suc-cess.3 The greatest minds in economics from Physiocrats to modern times have addressed this problem. Yet it remains an unfinished agenda of human existence--- equivalent to the mathematical problem of "squaring the circle". It is, therefore, apt that the success of a set of development policies is judged by reference to the fulfilment or non-fulfilment of this universally valid amorphous objective---it is universally valid because it is a relevant reckoner regardless of state of development of a society. However, a successful pursuit of this agenda is a non-trivial exercise; but it is by no means impossible. ; Non-PR ; IFPRI1; PSSP ; DSGD
In: World development: the multi-disciplinary international journal devoted to the study and promotion of world development, Band 24, Heft 6, S. 975-987
In: World development: the multi-disciplinary international journal devoted to the study and promotion of world development, Band 24, Heft 6, S. 975-987
Development economics seeks to isolate the elemental forces at work in developing countries that raise per capita income, initially and then continuously, by exploiting fully the inter-industry and inter-sectoral network of economies of scale, externalities, and complementarities; it also analyses the key factors that decide a fair distribution of the fruits of economic progress, and those which enhance human happiness more directly. The process of economic development is seen as complex, even mysterious; which must be tackled by conscious planning where coordination failures are threatening, and through the market mechanism if information problems are daunting. Yet a persistent theme in economic literature has been one of denial of the (marginal) utility of development economics. Essentially, most of these "arguments" against development economics are nothing more than a thinly disguised championing of the ideology of free-market capitalism and neo-classical economics as the ultimate truths about the economic universe [Heilbroner (1990)]. They are a frame of thought into which development economics would not fit "naturally". As one would expect, these views about development economics have not gone unchallenged. But the main issue is far from settled. I, therefore, restate here the case for development economics to make sure that development policy is saved from the revages of an incompatible liberalist philosophy. I would concentrate on issues related to the acknowledged mainsprings of economic progress, and those related to the relationship between trade and growth and the interface of the government and the market. Finally, I would like to emphasise the need to acquire an overarching ethical vision in order to identify the ends of economic progress and to order the means to achieve them.
