The Varying Income Effects of Weather Variation: Initial Insights from Rural Vietnam
In: World Bank Policy Research Working Paper No. 7764
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In: World Bank Policy Research Working Paper No. 7764
SSRN
Working paper
In: Environment and development economics, Band 23, Heft 3, S. 298-327
ISSN: 1469-4395
AbstractDespite complex interlinkages, insights into the multifaceted relationship between environmental risks and poverty can be gained through an analysis of different risks across space, time and scale within a single context using consistent methods. Combining geo-spatial data on eight environmental risks and household survey data from 2010–2014 for the case study of Vietnam, this paper shows: (i) at the district level, the incidence of poverty is higher in high risk areas, (ii) at the household level, poorer households face higher environmental risks, (iii) for some risks the relationship with household-level consumption varies between rural and urban areas, and (iv) environmental risks explain consumption differences between households, but less so changes over time. While altogether these analyses cannot establish a causal relationship between environmental risks and poverty, they do indicate that Vietnam's poor are disproportionally exposed. Given growing pressures due to climate change, addressing such risks should be a focus of poverty reduction efforts.
In: World Bank Policy Research Working Paper No. 7763
SSRN
Working paper
In: Land use policy: the international journal covering all aspects of land use, Band 63, S. 659-671
ISSN: 0264-8377
In: Land use policy: the international journal covering all aspects of land use, Band 35, S. 107-118
ISSN: 0264-8377
In: World development: the multi-disciplinary international journal devoted to the study and promotion of world development, Band 40, Heft 10, S. 2096-2107
In: Climate change and development series
In: Direction in development: infrastructure
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Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) does not have the infrastructure it needs, or deserves, given its income. Many argue that the solution is to spend more; by contrast, this report has one main message: Latin America can dramatically narrow its infrastructure service gap by spending efficiently on the right things. This report asks three questions: what should LAC countries' goals be? How can these goals be achieved as cost-effectively as possible? And who should pay to reach these goals? In doing so, we drop the 'infrastructure gap' notion, favoring an approach built on identifying the 'service gap'. Benchmarking Latin America in this way reveals clear strengths and weaknesses. Access to water and electricity is good, with the potential for the region's electricity sector to drive competitive advantage; by contrast, transport and sanitation should be key focus areas for further development. The report also identifies and analyses some of the emerging challenges for the region—climate change, increased demand and urbanization—that will put increasing pressure on infrastructure and policy makers alike. Improving the region's infrastructure performance in the context of tight fiscal space will require spending better on well identified priorities. Unlike most infrastructure diagnostics, this report argues that much of what is needed lies outside the infrastructure sector – in the form of broader government issues—from competition policy, to budgeting rules that no longer solely focus on controlling cash expenditures. We also find that traditional recommendations continue to apply regarding independent, well-performing regulators and better corporate governance, and highlight the critical importance of cost recovery where feasible and desirable, as the basis for future commercial finance of infrastructure services. Latin America has the means and potential to do better; and it can do so by spending more efficiently on the right things.
BASE
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BASE
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