Suchergebnisse

In the face of the increasing potential of negative first generation impactsof medical industrialization and the privatization of health services in anera of globalization (i.e., increased incidence of infectious deseases andmalnutrition among the poorest poor of Indonesian population), the authorof this article proposes the imperative of finding a middle-way policy solutionto integrate the public and private systems of health services to guaranteethe provision of high quality services and the availability of accessible healthservices for the poor. After presenting a short discussion of the weaknesses ofthe public health system, he discusses the issue of medical industrializationand the privatization of health service institutions, and ends up with thepresentation of five possible alternative of health service systems at thePUSKESMAS level.

Institutions that perform health care have become untouchable, especially for the poor. Therefore, the capability of achieving an optimal degree of community health is still far from hope. There are many factors that contribute to this condition. This essai describe the main ideas and strategic issues which need to be understood in order to enhance the performance of these institutions. The description in this essai will cover structural relationships between the doctor and patient, capital monopoly, the degrading professional ethic of physicians, and the quality service of hospitals as a service industry.

Ditulis kembali dengan perbaikan dari makalah yang sebelumnya disampaikan pada "Seminar Peranan Wanita Dalam Pembangunan: Antara Harapan dan Realita", yang diselenggarakan oleh Pusat Penelitian Kependudukan, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, 21Maret 1990. Sesuai dengan naskah aslinya, pada saat itu tulisan di Jurnal Populasi belum dilengkapi dengan abstraksi.

In the face of the increasing potential of negative first generation impactsof medical industrialization and the privatization of health services in anera of globalization (i.e., increased incidence of infectious deseases andmalnutrition among the poorest poor of Indonesian population), the authorof this article proposes the imperative of finding a middle-way policy solutionto integrate the public and private systems of health services to guaranteethe provision of high quality services and the availability of accessible healthservices for the poor. After presenting a short discussion of the weaknesses ofthe public health system, he discusses the issue of medical industrializationand the privatization of health service institutions, and ends up with thepresentation of five possible alternative of health service systems at thePUSKESMAS level.

Sebagai suatu gerakan ideologis, wawasan kebangsaan (baca: nasionalisme) tidak pernah muncul tanpa "antisiden" atau peristiwa-peristiwa yang mendahuluinya. Di Eropah, misalnya, banyak ahli melihat munculnya wawasan kebang-saan memiliki sumber kelahirannya di dalam perkembangan millenia Kristianisme. Sementara ahli yang lain melihatnya sebagai buah dari perkembangan teknologi percetakan, khususnya dalam industri surat kabar. Beberapa ahli yang lain lagi melihatnya sebagai konsekuensi dari perkembangan industrialisasi dan kapitalisme. Di benua Asia, Afrika, dan Amerika Latin, yang dikemudian hari dikenal sebagai kawasan negara-negara Dunia Ketiga, faham atau wawasan kebangsaan pada umumnya dipahami sebagai konsekuensi dari tumbuhnya kesadaran akan penderitaan bersama di bawah kolonialisme dan imperialisme.

The development of technology requires the right anticipation. This rests on three reasons in which social sciences and can reduce the negative impacts towards the cult of technology. First, the development of technology will always create social transformation. Second, both positive and negative impacts on person, society and environment may result from the development. Third, the understanding of the forward and backward linkages is required on the bases of the relationships between the development of technology and the development of social, political and economic systems. This article examines the roles of social sciences and cultural studies in the liberalization and humanization of technology.

The poors have been ignored within the process of economic development, as myth of non-existence reveals. More over, they have been discredited as the attempt to recognise their existence become a liability. It is widely assumed that policies in favour to the poor essentially compromising the interest of the growing economy. Based on this kind of "auto-critics" the author advocates the importance of integrating the poor within the entire national system of development. Not only the policies have provided the poor with sufficient access to information and technology and the market, a fair distribution of resourcess is imperative. Simply put, the thrust of poverty aleviation policy is restructuring the economy so that the poors gain wider access and stronger bargaining power. In order to make this imperative, poverty aleviation should be treated as social movement. By approaching poverty aleviation as a form of social movement, social and institutional bases for involving the poor in the process of development is strengthened. Moreover, the deepening of the movement eventually institutionalising the policy and the public agenda, not merely issue to be disscused by government official and a limited number of intellectuals.

The multifacet and multilayers of crisis that Indonesia has been suffering from requires a deep reflection on how it come about and a fundamental transformation. This article attempts to offer a reflective account on what had been happening in Indonesia, especially during the New Order rule which lead to institutionalization of state corporatism and democratic royalism, romanization of national law dan the death of political community. despute the depth of the crisis, this article attemps to resque an optimism for engaging in a long process of political reform, democritizing and maintaining national integration through a cereful management of pluralism, localism and the sense of community.

Tantangan yang dihadapi oleh negara-negara baru yang lahir pasca Perang Dunia II sebagai hasil proses dekolonisasi adalah merumuskan model masyarakat yang diinginkan dan menentukan langkah-langkah strategis untuk mewujudkannya, karena negara-negara iru perlu melakukan pembangunan, yaitu a concious and institutionalized attempt at sociental development. Tantangan selanjutnya dalam perjalanan mewujudkan kondisi nasional yang dianggap lebih baik itu adalah bagaimana negara tersebut mampu mengarahkan pembangunan padaa terwujudnya 'pertumbuhan ekonomi' yang tinggi sekaligus terciptanya 'pemertaan'.