Suchergebnisse

An inventory of the nominal representation of men and women on northern co-management boards in the Yukon, Northwest Territories, and Nunavut identified a total of 34 co-management boards. Of their total of 210 members, 176 (84%) were males and 34 (16%) were females. Nine boards were composed exclusively of men, and 18 boards had only a single female representative. The land and resource management regimes created through the settlement of comprehensive land claims have afforded Aboriginal governments equitable representation in co-management but have not promoted gender equity in board membership. ; L'inventaire de la représentation nominale d'hommes et de femmes faisant partie de conseils de cogestion dans le Nord, plus précisément au Yukon, dans les Territoires du Nord-Ouest et au Nunavut, a permis de répertorier 34 conseils de cogestion au total. En tout, ces conseils comprenaient 210 membres, dont 176 (84 %) étaient des hommes et 34 (16 %) étaient des femmes. Neuf conseils étaient exclusivement composés d'hommes et 18 conseils ne comptaient qu'une seule femme. Les régimes de gestion des ressources et des terres découlant du règlement d'importantes revendications territoriales ont permis une représentation équitable sur le plan de la cogestion des gouvernements autochtones, mais n'ont pas fait valoir l'équité entre les sexes au sein des conseils de cogestion.

This book offers multidisciplinary perspectives on renewable economies in the Arctic and how these are being supported scientifically, economically, socially, and politically by Arctic states. The economic development of the Arctic region is witnessing new, innovative trends which hold promise for the sustainable development of the region. This book discusses the emerging forms of renewable economies to understand where intellectual and technological innovations are being made. It draws on the expertise of scholars from across the Arctic and provides the reader with a foundation of knowledge to identify the unique challenges of the region and explore opportunities to unlock the immense potential of renewable resources to boost the region's economy. This book offers a holistic Arctic perspective against the backdrop of prevailing social, economic, and climatic challenges. With critical insights on the economic state of play and the role of renewable resources in the development of the Arctic region, this book will be a vital point of reference for Arctic scholars, communities, and policy makers.

This introduction presents an overview of the key concepts discussed in the subsequent chapters of this book. The book offers various perspectives on Renewable Economies in the Arctic and how these forms of economy are being supported scientifically, economically, socially, and politically. It explores digital creative entrepreneurship as it is impacted by data connectivity and communication infrastructure in remote communities of the North American Arctic. The book then examines the impact of creative industries on renewable economies in the Arctic. It also explores the various ways tourism has developed, and continues to develop, in the Arctic. The book reviews the role of the social economy in Nunavut, Canada. It then argues that smaller institutions of higher learning within the Arctic must play a significant role in tackling the issues facing the region in a more practical sense. The book examines how climate change has spurred projects in Arctic countries to shift to low-carbon renewable energy sources.

Across the Canadian North, resource co-management has become a central institution for the management of natural resources. Although many multidisciplinary studies have examined the various social and political dimensions that influence the effectiveness of resource co-management, little has been done to understand how gender might affect collaboration and decision making. This gap is particularly evident in the northern Canadian context, where women make up 16% of all current co-management board members. This study examines the relationship between gender and decision making, drawing on the experiences of those involved in co-management boards in Yukon. Our findings indicate that the representation of women within these institutions is important for establishing a holistic decision-making process and a positive institutional culture that facilitates effective decision making. While there were many different experiences with gender, co-management, and decision making, it was generally agreed that male and female board members had equal opportunities to participate in board decision making. Nonetheless, barriers remain that prevent board members from feeling comfortable acting upon these opportunities. These barriers to participation were experienced by men and women in distinct ways. Institutional level barriers—cases where women's skills and knowledge were considered irrelevant to co-management, where their opinions lacked standing within decision making—will be the most challenging for co-management boards to address in regard to effective decision making. ; À l'échelle du Nord canadien, la cogestion des ressources est dorénavant une institution centrale pour assurer la gestion des ressources naturelles. De nombreuses études disciplinaires se sont penchées sur les dimensions sociopolitiques qui influent sur la cogestion des ressources. Cependant, peu d'études ont été réalisées pour comprendre en quoi le sexe de la personne exerce une influence sur la collaboration et la prise de décisions. Cet écart est particulièrement évident dans le contexte du Nord canadien, où les femmes représentent 16 % de tous les membres de conseils d'administration actuels en cogestion. Cette étude examine le lien qui existe entre le sexe de la personne et la prise de décisions. Elle s'appuie sur l'expérience de personnes qui font partie de conseils de cogestion au Yukon. Nos constatations laissent croire que la représentation des femmes au sein de ces institutions revêt de l'importance dans la création d'un processus de prise de décisions holistiques et d'une culture institutionnelle positive favorisant la prise de décisions efficaces. Bien que l'expérience différait selon le sexe des personnes, la cogestion et la prise de décisions, on a généralement constaté que les membres de conseils de sexe masculin ou de sexe féminin avaient la possibilité de participer de manière égale à la prise de décisions des conseils. Néanmoins, il reste des obstacles qui empêchent les membres de conseils de se sentir à l'aise lorsque vient le temps de saisir ces possibilités. Ces obstacles à la participation étaient vus de manières distinctes par les hommes et par les femmes. Les obstacles de niveau institutionnel — lorsque les compétences et les connaissances des femmes étaient considérées comme non pertinentes en matière de cogestion et lorsque leurs opinions manquaient de poids dans le cadre de la prise de décisions — seront les obstacles les plus difficiles à surmonter pour les conseils de cogestion en vue de la prise de décisions efficaces.

Indigenous communities in the Arctic have become increasingly characterized as "vulnerable" in the context of climate change research. We question the use and application of this term in light of the potential consequences it may bring for indigenous peoples. First, the label "vulnerable" is often generated by those who are more or less unfamiliar with the complexities of local culture, economies, and capabilities. Second, we are concerned that such labels can generate misguided actions and policy responses built on how peoples and places come to be seen and understood by others. Third, the label "vulnerable" has the potential to shape how northern indigenous peoples come to see themselves as they construct their own identities—and identifying themselves as vulnerable may ultimately hinder their efforts to gain greater autonomy over their own affairs. As researchers become more engaged in the social dimensions of climate-change research, we encourage more careful and critical attention to the power and potential peril of community labels. ; Les communautés indigènes de l'Arctique sont de plus en plus souvent caractérisées de « vulnérables » dans le contexte de la recherche sur le changement climatique. Nous mettons en doute l'utilisation et l'application de ce terme à la lumière des conséquences éventuelles qu'il risque d'apporter aux peuples indigènes. Premièrement, l'étiquette « vulnérable » est souvent apposée par des personnes qui sont plus ou moins au courant des complexités de la culture, des économies et des capacités locales. Deuxièmement, nous nous inquiétons du fait que ces étiquettes peuvent se traduire par des mesures malavisées de même que par des politiques qui tiennent compte de la manière dont les peuples et les lieux sont perçus et compris par les autres. Troisièmement, l'étiquette « vulnérable » a la possibilité de déterminer la façon dont les peuples indigènes du Nord se voient quand vient le temps de définir leur propre identité, sans compter que le fait de s'identifier comme vulnérables pourrait finir par nuire à leurs efforts d'obtention d'une plus grande autonomie à l'égard de leurs propres affaires. Au fur et à mesure que les chercheurs se penchent davantage sur les dimensions sociales de la recherche sur le changement climatique, nous incitons les gens à faire sérieusement plus attention au pouvoir et aux dangers susceptibles de découler de l'apposition d'étiquettes sur les communautés.

Since 1973, 535 specific claims valued at more than $6 billion have been settled between the Government of Canada and First Nations governments for outstanding treaty obligations. Critics of specific land claims point to the absence of statistical evidence that shows a positive impact on First Nations economies and characterize specific claims as a multi-billion-dollar liability for Canadian taxpayers. This research shows that the economic benefits of specific claims are being lost to First Nations economies through high rates of economic leakage, especially in cases in which large proportions of the settlement funds are disbursed on a per capita basis. Collaborating with the Little Red River Cree Nation (LRRCN) in Alberta (a recent recipient of a $239 million settlement), we use household expenditure data, band-owned businesses' financial statements, and band administration audit reports to estimate their rate of economic leakage and the economic impact of their specific claims settlement. Results indicate that the economic leakage rate for the LRRCN is 83.5 percent. Using household expenditure data and input–output models, we estimate the economic impact of the LRRCN settlement. Assuming a 100 percent per capita disbursal of the funds, the settlement would contribute $275–$339 million in provincial output, $172–$212 million in gross domestic product, and $110–$127 billion in labour income, and it would create 2,393–2,714 full-time jobs. The results of this research may be of value to First Nations leaders in making decisions concerning the distribution and investment of specific claims settlements in the future.

The history and historiography of natural resource development in the Arctic : the state of the literature / Ken Coates -- Social impacts of non-renewable resource development on indigenous communities in Alaska, Greenland, and Russia / Peter Schweitzer, Florian Stammler, Cecilie Ebsen, Aytalina Ivanova, and Irina Litvina -- Northern environmental assessment : a gap analysis and research / Bram Noble, Kevin Hanna, and Jill Gunn -- From narrative to evidence : socio-economic impacts of mining in northern Canada / Thierry Rodon and Francis Lévesque -- Measuring impacts : a review of frameworks, methodologies and indicators for assessing socio-economic impacts of resource activity in the Arctic / Andrey N. Petrov, Jessica Graybill, Matthew Berman, Philip Cavin, Vera Kuklina, Rasmus Ole Rasmussen and Matthew Cooney -- Resource development and well-being in northern / Brenda Parlee -- Resource revenue regimes around the circumpolar North : a gap analysis / Lee Huskey and Chris Southcott -- Regional development in the circumpolar North : what else do we need to know? / Frances Abele -- Knowledge, sustainability and the environmental legacies of resource development in northern Canada / Arn Keeling, John Sandlos, Jean-Sébastien Boutet, and Hereward Longley -- Impact benefit agreements and northern resource governance : what we know and what we still need to figure out / Ben Bradshaw, Courtney Fidler and Adam Wright -- Normalizing aboriginal subsistence economies in the Canadian North / David Natcher -- Traditional knowledge and resource development / Henry Huntington -- Gender in research on northern resource development / Suzanne Mills, Martha Dowsley and David Cox -- Resource development and climate change : a gap analysis / Chris Southcott -- How can extractive industry help rather than hurt Arctic communities? / Chris Southcott, Frances Abele, Dave Natcher, and Brenda Parlee

Over the past 3 decades, indigenous guardian programs (also known as indigenous rangers or watchmen) have emerged as an institution for indigenous governments to engage in collaborative environmental governance. Using a systematic review of peer‐reviewed literature for research conducted in Australia, Canada, Aotearoa‐New Zealand, and the United States, we sought to characterize the emergence of indigenous guardians in the literature and explore whether guardian approaches are representative of Indigenous approaches to environmental governance. Using a multistep relevance‐screening method, we reviewed 83 articles published since 1995, that report on, critique, or comment on Indigenous guardians. Our findings indicated that most articles on the topic were published in the last decade (88%), focused on Australia (65%), and were in a social science discipline (53%). The lead author of the majority of articles was an academic, although only half of the articles included an indigenous scholar or member of an indigenous group or organization as a coauthor. Finally, 11 articles were on research of guardian programs that were locally led and only 5 exemplified indigenous governance, based on 2 well‐known community‐based monitoring typologies. Our findings indicate that more research is required to understand the implications of current guardian programs for indigenous self‐determination, particularly when such programs are embedded in a broader western environmental governance structure.