Suchergebnisse

Este artículo analiza el porqué de la migración de campesinos e indígenas convertidos en jornaleros agrícolas en México, un tema de suma importancia, ya que, de acuerdo con autores como Barrón y Hernández (2016), para muchas comunidades y familias rurales e indígenas, la migración interna representa la única estrategia de supervivencia en el país. Para abordar el tema, se da cuenta de la realización de un estudio cualitativo con enfoque etnográfico y técnicas de recolección de datos como la observación participante y entrevistas semiestructuradas, cuyos resultados se sometieron a un análisis temático. De acuerdo con este estudio, los jornaleros agrícolas del Valle del Mezquital, Hidalgo, migran por tres razones principales: pobreza, tradición migratoria y violencia, con la característica de que se desplazan en unidades familiares, en una migración circular permanente. Palabras clave: Migración Interna, Jornaleros Agrícolas, Pobreza, Violencia Why migrate? The reality of a community of migrant farm laborers in MexicoSummaryThis article analyzes the reasons for the migration of peasants and indigenous people who have become agricultural laborers in Mexico, an issue of utmost importance, since, according to authors such as Barrón and Hernández (2016), for many rural and indigenous communities and families, the internal migration represents the only survival strategy in the country. To address the issue, a qualitative study with an ethnographic approach and data collection techniques such as participant observation and semi-structured interviews was carried out, whose results were subjected to a thematic analysis. According to this study, agricultural laborers from Valle del Mezquital, Hidalgo, migrate for three main reasons: poverty, migratory tradition and violence, with the characteristic that they move in family units, in a permanent circular migration.Keywords: Internal migration, Agricultural laborers, Poverty, Violence Pourquoi migrer? La réalité d'une communauté de journaliers agricoles migrants au MexiqueRésuméCet article analyse la raison de la migration de paysans et indigènes devenus journaliers agricoles au Mexique, un thème de grande importance car selon quelques auteurs comme Barrón et Hernández (2016), pour beaucoup de communautés et familles rurales et indigènes, la migration interne représente la seule stratégie de survivance dans le pays. Pour aborder le thème, on rend compte de la réalisation d'une étude qualitative avec une approche ethnographique et des techniques de recollection de données comme l'observation participative et des interviews semi structurées dont les résultats ont été analysés thématiquement. Selon cette étude, les journaliers agricoles de Valle del Mezquital, Hidalgo, migrent à cause de trois raisons principales : pauvreté, tradition migratoire et violence, avec la caractéristique qu'ils se déplacent en unité circulaire permanente.Mots clés : Migration Interne, Journaliers Agricoles, Pauvreté, Violence

Background: While primary health care (PHC)-based prevention and management of heavy drinking is clinically effective and cost-effective, it remains poorly implemented in routine practice. Systematic reviews and multi-country studies have demonstrated the ability of training and support programmes to increase PHC-based screening and brief advice activity to reduce heavy drinking. However, gains have been only modest and short term at best. WHO studies have concluded that a more effective uptake could be achieved by embedding PHC activity within broader community and municipal support. Protocol: A quasi-experimental study will compare PHC-based prevention and management of heavy drinking in three intervention cities from Colombia, Mexico and Peru with three comparator cities from the same countries. In the implementation cities, primary health care units (PHCUs) will receive training embedded within ongoing supportive municipal action over an 18-month implementation period. In the comparator cities, practice as usual will continue at both municipal and PHCU levels. The primary outcome will be the proportion of consulting adult patients intervened with (screened and advice given to screen positives). The study is powered to detect a doubling of the outcome measure from an estimated 2.5/1,000 patients at baseline. Formal evaluation points will be at baseline, mid-point and end-point of the 18-month implementation period. We will present the ratio (plus 95% confidence interval) of the proportion of patients receiving intervention in the implementation cities with the proportions in the comparator cities. Full process evaluation will be undertaken, coupled with an analysis of potential contextual, financial and political-economy influencing factors. Discussion: This multi-country study will test the extent to which embedding PHC-based prevention and management of alcohol use disorder with supportive municipal action leads to improved scale-up of more patients with heavy drinking receiving appropriate advice and treatment. Study status: The four-year study will start on 1 st December 2017.

Background: While primary health care (PHC)-based prevention and management of heavy drinking is clinically effective and cost-effective, it remains poorly implemented in routine practice. Systematic reviews and multi-country studies have demonstrated the ability of training and support programmes to increase PHC-based screening and brief advice activity to reduce heavy drinking. However, gains have been only modest and short term at best. WHO studies have concluded that a more effective uptake could be achieved by embedding PHC activity within broader community and municipal support. Protocol: A quasi-experimental study will compare PHC-based prevention and management of heavy drinking in three intervention cities from Colombia, Mexico and Peru with three comparator cities from the same countries. In the implementation cities, primary health care units (PHCUs) will receive training embedded within ongoing supportive municipal action over an 18-month implementation period. In the comparator cities, practice as usual will continue at both municipal and PHCU levels. The primary outcome will be the proportion of consulting adult patients intervened with (screened and advice given to screen positives). The study is powered to detect a doubling of the outcome measure from an estimated 2.5/1,000 patients at baseline. Formal evaluation points will be at baseline, mid-point and end-point of the 18-month implementation period. We will present the ratio (plus 95% confidence interval) of the proportion of patients receiving intervention in the implementation cities with the proportions in the comparator cities. Full process evaluation will be undertaken, coupled with an analysis of potential contextual, financial and political-economy influencing factors. Discussion: This multi-country study will test the extent to which embedding PHC-based prevention and management of alcohol use disorder with supportive municipal action leads to improved scale-up of more patients with heavy drinking receiving appropriate advice and treatment. Study status: The four-year study will start on 1 st December 2017.