These recommendations on the use of bicycle helmets are the first in a series of Injury-Control Recommendations that are designed for state and local health departments or other organizations for use in planning injury control programs. Each publication in the series of Injury-Control Recommendations will provide information for program planners to use when implementing injury control interventions. These guidelines were developed for state and local agencies and organizations that are planning programs to prevent head injuries among bicyclists through the use of bicycle helmets. The guidelines contain information on the magnitude and extent of the problem of bicycle-related head injuries and the potential impact of increased helmet use; the characteristics of helmets, including biomechanical characteristics, helmet standards, and performance in actual crash conditions; barriers that impede increased helmet use; and approaches to increasing the use of bicycle helmets within the community. In addition, bicycle helmet legislation and community educational campaigns are evaluated ; Introduction -- Background -- Bicycle helmets and the prevention of head injury -- Increasing the use of bicycle helmets -- Recommendations -- Appendix A: Bicycle helmet legislation -- Appendix B: Organizations that provide information on bicycle helmet -- Campaigns -- Appendix C: Components of a community-based bicycle helmet -- campaign. ; February 17, 1995. ; The following CDC staff members prepared this report: Robert D. Brewer, Mary Ann Fenley, Pamela I. Protzel, Jeffrey J. Sacks, Timothy N. Thornton, Nancy Dean Nowak, Benjamin Moore, James Belloni, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control. ; Includes bibliographical references (p. 10-12).
"The 2001 release of the National Strategy for Suicide Prevention focused attention on the need for "coordination of resources at all levels of government--Federal, State, tribal, and community"--to address the public health problem of suicide mortality and morbidity. For several years, and in some cases for nearly a decade, states have been formulating state-level suicide prevention plans and finding ways to implement the activities called for in those plans. Although states have progressed in planning state-level suicide prevention activities, state planning groups--usually made up of survivors, practitioners, and state agency personnel--face substantial challenges. To date, little empirical information has been available to provide guidance to these state planning groups. Planners seek advice on how to construct their efforts so that they can implement the activities planned. In addition, they want assurance that those activities will be effective in decreasing suicidal behavior. Finally, because key milestones have not yet been identified, planning groups want guidance on how to monitor progress, track implementation, and assess the overall impact of their activities. In response to these needs, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) conducted a research study to describe the key ingredients of successful state-based suicide prevention planning. The study's major objectives were to document the processes involved in developing state suicide prevention plans; compile these findings into a template for decision making based on lessons learned; and share these findings with state groups engaged in creating suicide prevention plans and with those groups already implementing prevention activities. The results of this study do not provide a universal blueprint for suicide prevention, but the insights garnered provide states with valuable information for effective planning, implementation, and evaluation." - p. 1 ; [authors, Keri M. Lubell, Helen Harber Singer, Belisa Gonzalez] ; Cover title. ; Also available via the World Wide Web. ; Includes bibliographical references.
"This manual is designed to help violence prevention organizations hire an empowerment evaluator who will assist them in building their evaluation capacity through a learn-by-doing process of evaluating their own strategies. It is for state and local leaders and staff members of organizations, coalitions, government agencies, and/or partnerships working to prevent violence. Some parts of the manual may also be useful to empowerment evaluators who work with these organizations." - summary on publisher's Web site (http://www.cdc.gov/violenceprevention/pub/evaluation_improvement.html) ; Introduction -- Empowerment evaluation: an overview -- Step 1: Preparing for the hiring process -- Step 2: Writing a job announcement -- Step 3: Finding potential empowerment evaluators -- Step 4: Assessing the candidates -- Step 5: Writing an evaluation contract -- Step 6: Building an effective relationship with your evaluator -- Step 7: Assessing and sustaining the evaluation -- Glossary -- References -- Appendix A: Resources for general evaluation and empowerment evaluation -- Appendix B: Worksheets for hiring an empowerment evaluator -- Appendix C: Sample hiring committee confidentiality statement -- Appendix D: Sample job announcement -- Appendix E: Sample request for proposals -- Appendix F: Sample interview questions -- Appendix G: Sample budget and narrative for an evaluation team ; authors: Pamela J. Cox, Dana Keener, Tiffanee L. Woodard, Abraham H. Wandersman; editor: Carole A. Craft. ; "November 2009." ; "Grantees of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's (CDC) Domestic Violence Prevention Enhancements and Leadership Through Alliances (DELTA) Program and the Enhancing and Making Programs and Outcomes Work to End Rape (EMPOWER) Program were instrumental in the development of this publication. All DELTA and EMPOWER Program grantees used an early draft of this manual to hire empowerment evaluators. The experiences, lessons, and insights from their hiring processes are shared throughout this manual. " - p. 2 ; Also available via the World Wide Web. ; Includes bibliographical references (p. 70-72). ; Cox PJ, Keener D, Woodard T, Wandersman A. Evaluation for Improvement: A Seven Step Empowerment Evaluation Approach for Violence Prevention Organizations. Atlanta (GA): Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; 2009.
"PROBLEM/CONDITION: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of death and disability in the United States. Approximately 53,000 persons die from TBI-related injuries annually. During 1989-1998, TBI-related death rates decreased 11.4%, from 21.9 to 19.4 per 100,000 population. This report describes the epidemiology and annual rates of TBI-related deaths during 1997-2007. REPORTING PERIOD: January 1, 1997-December 31, 2007. DESCRIPTION OF SYSTEM: Data were analyzed from the CDC multiple-cause-of-death public-use data files, which contain death certificate data from all 50 states and the District of Columbia. RESULTS: During 1997-2007, an annual average of 53,014 deaths (18.4 per 100,000 population; range: 17.8-19.3) among U.S. residents were associated with TBIs. During this period, death rates decreased 8.2%, from 19.3 to 17.8 per 100,000 population (p = 0.001). TBI-related death rates decreased significantly among persons aged 0-44 years and increased significantly among those aged >̲75 years. The rate of TBI deaths was three times higher among males (28.8 per 100,000 population) than among females (9.1). Among males, rates were highest among non-Hispanic American Indian/ Alaska Natives (41.3 per 100,000 population) and lowest among Hispanics (22.7). Firearm- (34.8%), motor-vehicle- (31.4%), and fall-related TBIs (16.7%) were the leading causes of TBI-related death. Firearm-related death rates were highest among persons aged 15-34 years (8.5 per 100,000 population) and >̲75 years (10.5). Motor vehicle-related death rates were highest among those aged 15-24 years (11.9 per 100,000 population). Fall-related death rates were highest among adults aged >̲75 years (29.8 per 100,000 population). Overall, the rates for all causes except falls decreased. INTERPRETATION: Although the overall rate of TBI-related deaths decreased during 1997-2007, TBI remains a public health problem; approximately 580,000 persons died with TBI-related diagnoses during this reporting period in the United States. Rates of TBI-related deaths were higher among young and older adults and certain minority populations. The leading external causes of this condition were incidents related to firearms, motor vehicle traffic, and falls. PUBLIC HEALTH ACTIONS: Accurate, timely, and comprehensive surveillance data are necessary to better understand and prevent TBI-related deaths in the United States. CDC multiple-cause-of-death public-use data files can be used to monitor the incidence of TBI-related deaths and assist public health practitioners and partners in the development, implementation, and evaluation of programs and policies to reduce and prevent TBI-related deaths in the United States. Rates of TBI-related deaths are higher in certain population groups and are primarily related to specific external causes. Better enforcement of existing seat belt laws, implementation and increased coverage of more stringent helmet laws, and the implementation of existing evidence-based fall-related prevention interventions are examples of interventions that can reduce the incidence of TBI in the United States. " ; Victor G. Coronado, Likang Xu, Sridhar V. Basavaraju, Lisa C. McGuire, Marlena M. Wald, Mark D. Faul, Bernardo R. Guzman, John D. Hemphill; Division of Injury Response, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, CDC ; Preventive Medicine and Public Health Residency Program, Andalusian Preventive Medicine and Public Health Training Unit, Spain. ; Cover title. ; "May 6, 2011." ; "U.S. Government Printing Office: 2011-723-011/21044, Region IV"--P. [4] of cover. ; Also available via the World Wide Web as an Acrobat .pdf file (810 KB, 36 p.). ; Includes bibliographical references (p. 10-14).
The Bibliography of Behavioral Science Research in Unintentional Injury Prevention includes more than 900 citations of journal articles, book chapters, government reports, and other publications. Designed as a tool for researchers, practitioners and students, this bibliography documents the contributions of behavioral and social sciences to unintentional injury prevention and control from 1980-2003. ; compiled and edited by David A. Sleet, Krista Hopkins ; contributing editor, Helen Harber Singer. ; Title from PDF title screen (viewed April 21, 2004). ; "January 2004." ; Also available on 1 CD-ROM (4 3/4 in.). ; Mode of access: World Wide Web. ; Includes bibliographical references and index.
"Motor vehicle crashes are the leading cause of death for people age 5-34. Adult seat belt use is the single most effective way to save lives and reduce injuries in crashes. The percentage of adults who always wear seat belts increased from 80% to 85% between 2002 and 2008. Even so, 1 in 7 adults do not wear a seat belt on every trip. Primary enforcement seat belt laws make a big difference in getting more people to buckle up. In 2010, 19 states--where 1 in 4 adult Americans live--did not have a primary law." -p. 1 ; Fact sheet released by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Office of Surveillance, Epidemiology and Laboratory Services (OSELS) in association with: Vital signs: nonfatal, motor vehicle--occupant injuries (2009) and seat belt use (2008) among adults--United States., published: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2011 Jan 7;59(51):1681-6. ; "CS219341-D." ; "January 2011." ; "Publication date: 01/04/2011." ; Title from title screen (viewed January 23, 2011). ; Introduction -- Latest findings -- Who's at risk? -- U.S. state information -- What can be done -- Social media ; Mode of access: World Wide Web ; Text document (PDF).
"PROBLEM/CONDITION: In the United States, unintentional injury, homicide, and suicide are the first, second, and fourth leading causes of death among persons aged 1-19 years, respectively; the highest rates have occurred among minority populations. The effects of age on the difference in rates between white and minority children and the mechanisms of injury that contribute most to that difference have not been previously reported. REPORTING PERIOD COVERED: Data are presented for fatal injuries among children in the United States by race/ethnicity and mechanism of injury during 1999-2002. Trends in injury mortality by race/ethnicity are provided for 1982-2002. DESCRIPTION OF SYSTEM: Fatal injury data were derived from death certificates reported through CDC's National Vital Statistics System. RESULTS: During 1999-2002, among infants aged <1 year, American Indian/Alaska Natives (AI/ANs) and blacks had consistently higher total injury death rates than other racial/ethnic populations. Both populations had more than twice the rate of injury death compared with white infants. Black infants had the highest rates of unintentional suffocation and homicide, whereas AI/AN infants had the highest rate of motor-vehicle (MV)-traffic death. Among children aged 1-9 years, AI/ANs and blacks had the highest injury death rates. AI/ANs aged 1-9 years had the highest rates of MV-traffic death and drowning; in contrast, blacks aged 1-9 years had the highest rates of homicide and fire/burn death. Among children aged 10-19 years, AI/ANs and blacks consistently had higher total injury death rates than whites. AI/ANs aged 10-19 years had the highest rates of suicide and MV-traffic death, and blacks aged 10-19 years had the highest rates of homicide. The disparity in injury mortality rates by race/ethnicity during 1982-1985 had not declined by 1999-2002. INTERPRETATION: Significant disparities in injury rates still exist between white and minority children. Disparities varied by age and mechanism of injury. Hispanics and Asian/Pacific Islanders consistently had lower risk, whereas AI/ANs and blacks consistently had higher risk for fatal injuries than other racial/ethnic populations. PUBLIC HEALTH ACTIONS: Educational, regulatory, and environmental modification strategies (e.g., home visitation programs, safety-belt laws, and swimming pool fencing) have been developed for each type of injury for use by health-care providers and government agencies." p. 1 ; Stephanie J. Bernard, Leonard J. Paulozzi, L.J. David Wallace, Division of Unintentional Injury Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control. ; "May 18, 2007" ; Also available via the World Wide Web. ; References: p. 7-9.
More than 60 partners joined the National Center for Injury Prevention and Control's (NCIPC) Division of Unintentional Injury Prevention (DUIP) in developing the National Action Plan for Child Injury Prevention (NAP) to provide guidance to the nation. The overall goal of the NAP is to lay out a vision to guide actions that are pivotal in reducing the burden of childhood injuries in the United States and to provide a national platform for organizing and implementing child injury prevention activities in the future. The NAP provides a roadmap for strengthening the collection and interpretation of data and surveillance, promoting research, enhancing communications, improving education and training, advancing health systems and health care, and for strengthening policy. Elements of the plan can inform actions by cause of injury and be used by government agencies, non-governmental organizations, the private sector, not-for-profit organizations, health care providers, and others to facilitate, support, and advance child injury prevention efforts. ; "CS229043." ; Mode of access: Internet from CDC web site as an Acrobat .pdf file (6.69 MB, 92 p.). ; Includes bibliographical references (p. 67-68). ; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control. National Action Plan for Child Injury Prevention. Atlanta (GA): CDC, NCIPC; 2012
"Unintentional injuries are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality among children in the United States. This report uses data from the National Vital Statistics System and the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System - All Injury Program to provide an overview of unintentional injuries related to drowning, falls, fi res or burns, transportation-related injuries, poisoning, and suffocation, among others during the period 2000 - 2006. Results are presented by age group and sex, as well as the geographic distribution of injury death rates by state" - p. 3 ; 1. About this report -- 2. Methods -- 3. Comparison of external cause of injury mortality matrix and the modified matrix -- 4. Unintentional injury deaths among children 0 to 19 years, United States, 2000-2005 -- 5. Nonfatal unintentional injury estimates among children 0 to 19 Years, United States, 2001 -2006 -- -- Appendix 1. Cause of unintentional injury death categories based on ICD-10 external cause-of-injury codes -- 2: Categorization of cause of death: numbers of deaths from unintentional injuries among children 0 to 19 years, United, States, 2000-2005 -- Appendix 3: Number of unintentional injury deaths among children 0 to 19 years, by state and age group, United States, 2000-2005 -- Appendix 4: Number of unintentional injury deaths among children 0 to 19 years, by state and cause, United States, 2000-2005 -- Appendix 5: Nonfatal unintentional injuries and rates among children 0 to 19 years, by sex and cause, United States, 2001-2006 ; Nagesh N. Borse, Julie Gilchrist, Ann M. Dellinger, Rose A. Rudd, Michael F. Ballesteros, David A. Sleet. ; "December 2008." ; "The release of this CDC Childhood Injury Report coincides with the launch of the World Report on Child Injury Prevention (2008) developed by the World Health Organization and UNICEF. Our report complements the World Report and highlights the nature of the problem in the United States." - p. 5 ; Also available via the World Wide Web. ; References: p. 102-103. ; Borse NN, Gilchrist J, Dellinger AM, Rudd RA, Ballesteros MF, Sleet DA. CDC Childhood Injury Report: Patterns of Unintentional Injuries among 0 -19 Year Olds in the United States, 2000-2006. Atlanta (GA): Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control; 2008.
