Suchergebnisse

Research related to chemical warfare agents (CWAs) has historically focused on life threatening battlefield effects caused by high level exposures to the agents, not effects associated with exposures to low concentrations of them. In this report, low level concentrations refers to exposures that may not have any immediate observed health effects, but may produce delayed health effects months or years later. Recently, there has been increased concern about the potential health effects of exposures to CWAs at low concentrations. This report reviews the Department of Defense s (DOD) Research Plan for obtaining toxicologic and other relevant data to assess risk to military personnel. The CWAs of concern include the following nerve and vesicant agents: tabun, sarin, soman, cyclosarin, VX, and sulfur mustard. The report discusses the health effects of exposure to low levels of these agents and provides guidance to DOD on appropriate risk assessment methods for assessing toxicologic risk to military personnel from low-level exposures to CWAs. The report concludes that DOD s Research Plan is well planned and many of the proposed research tasks are likely to provide valuable information to DOD in protecting military personnel

Title -- Copyright -- Committee on Toxicologic and Radiologic Effects from Exposure to Depleted Uranium During and After Combat -- Committee on Toxicology -- Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology -- Other Reports of the Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology -- Other Reports of the Committee on Toxicology -- Preface -- Contents -- Summary -- 1 Introduction and Technical Background -- NATURAL URANIUM -- DEPLETED URANIUM AND POSSIBLE CONTAMINANTS THAT AFFECT ITS CHEMICAL AND RADIOLOGIC TOXICITY -- MILITARY USES OF DEPLETED URANIUM -- COMBAT EXPOSURE TO DEPLETED URANIUM -- EXPOSURE SCENARIOS -- COMMITTEE TASK AND APPROACH -- REPORT ORGANIZATION -- 2 Toxicokinetics of Depleted Uranium -- ABSORPTION -- DISTRIBUTION -- METABOLISM -- ELIMINATION -- BIOKINETIC MODELS -- SUMMARY -- 3 Toxic Effects of Uranium on the Kidneys -- BACKGROUND -- HUMAN STUDIES -- ANIMAL STUDIES -- SUMMARY -- 4 Toxic Effects of Uranium on the Lungs -- HUMAN STUDIES -- ANIMAL STUDIES -- SUMMARY -- 5 Toxic Effects of Uranium on Other Organ Systems -- CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM EFFECTS -- REPRODUCTIVE AND DEVELOPMENTAL EFFECTS -- HEMATOLOGIC EFFECTS -- HEPATIC EFFECTS -- IMMUNOLOGIC EFFECTS -- MUSCULOSKELETAL EFFECTS -- CARDIOVASCULAR EFFECTS -- OCULAR EFFECTS -- GASTROINTESTINAL EFFECTS -- DERMAL EFFECTS -- SUMMARY -- RECOMMENDATIONS -- 6 Radiologic Effects of Depleted Uranium -- BIOLOGIC EFFECTS OF IONIZING RADIATION -- RADIATION DOSE -- EXTERNAL EXPOSURE TO DEPLETED URANIUM: DIRECT RADIATION -- INTERNAL EXPOSURE TO DEPLETED URANIUM -- EPIDEMIOLOGIC STUDIES -- RADIOACTIVE CONTAMINANTS IN DEPLETED URANIUM -- SUMMARY -- RECOMMENDATIONS -- 7 Uranium Carcinogenicity and Genotoxicity -- ANIMAL CARCINOGENICITY STUDIES -- GENOTOXICITY OF URANIUM -- SUMMARY -- RECOMMENDATIONS -- 8 Evaluation of the Army's Capstone Report -- EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT -- HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT.