Suchergebnisse

The work is based on records of dialect speech (the territory of Tomsk and Kemerovo regions). The reliability of the research is provided by the amount of speech samples (more than 600 contexts were analyzed). The novelty of the work is due to the appeal to the study of dialectal discourse as a phenomenon which includes literary and non-literary units and has specific extralinguistic parameters. The main research tool is the electronic corpus of dialect texts created by the authors of the article. In the course of the study, dialect units that were absent in published dictionaries were identified. It was found that friendship relations in dialectal discourse are most often associated with the following parameters: territorial community, participation in rituals, leisure, joint work, military service/participation in a war, home visits and refreshments. The specificity in comparison with representatives of urban culture consists in the prevalence of the parameter of territorial community over the others, the weak representation of the component "school friends", as well as in the fact that the component "mate" is not actualized. The influence of discursive parameters on the representation of the concept is revealed. Thus, a significant number of nominations for women's friendship is explained by the gender of the informants, and the weak representation of the conceptual component "conflict"– by the conditions of recording materials on the expedition. In the figurative layer of the concept "druzhba" ("friendship") in the dialect, semantic transfer from the sphere "Family" prevails, which also reflects the specifics of traditional culture. The value layer of the concept in the dialect includes ideal representations related to the past and opposed to the present. The described ideal of friendship presupposes mutual assistance, trust, openness, which corresponds to general Russian ideas.

The article considers Russian and English figurative words and expressions that demonstrate metaphorization of bakery products images. The cognitive basis of metaphorical projections, universal and specific models of figurative analogies are revealed. The material includes 36 English units metaphorically motivated by 12 names of bakery products (biscuit, bun, cake, cookie, doughnut, dumpling, muffin, pancake, pie, pudding, tart, toast) and 98 Russian figurative units motivated by 16 culinary names (baranka, blin, bublik, bulka, kalach, karal'ka, keks, kovrizhka, krendel', lepeshka, pampushka, pirog, pljushka, ponchik, pyshka, suhar'). The speech material consists of the corpus data and includes 167 Russian and 109 English contexts. The analysis methodology is based on the cognitive metaphor theory, the semasiological theory of lexical and phraseological figurativeness, methods of contrastive analysis, linguocultural commenting and corpus research techniques. Static salient criteria of bakery products were revealed (round, spherical, ring-shaped, flat; specific colour; lush, soft, elastic, crumbly structure; high temperature; sweet, pleasant taste), as well as process and dynamic characteristics associated with cooking and food intake procedures. It is proved that these criteria in both linguistic cultures are grounded at the source of figurative characteristics of some human body parts, figure and hairstyle, social and political life phenomena, animate and inanimate objects. The results of the study contribute to metaphorology, linguoculturology, cognitive semantics and pragmatics, comparative lexicology and phraseology; they can be used in teaching of Russian and English as foreign languages, as well as in lexicographic practice.

The paper considers in vitro and in vivo research of the biological activity of cooper-doped hydroxyapatite samples (CuHAp). Samples were obtained by microwave-assisted liquid-phase synthesis. Kinetic of the calcium ions sedimentation on CuHAp samples from SBF solution does not depend from cooper ions quantity. Implantation of CuHAp samples induces local rejection reaction. The reaction severity incises with increase of cooper ions quantit.

The article evaluates the influence of EHEA membership on the export of higher education services. Russia strived for joining the EHEA both for increasing the quality of higher education and its export. Due to the international situation since February 2022 Russian participation in the EHEA was blocked that made discussions about the necessity of remaining in the Area urgent. Thus, it is topical to identify possible consequences of leaving the EHEA for Russian export of higher education services. The article explores the consequences of EHEA membership for the export of higher education services by EHEA members as well as the factors influencing the geographical destinations of such export. The hypothesis is the following one: EHEA creation contributed to strengthening its general role at the world educational market, however, it did not change drastically the roles of its member-states that used to be both exporters and importers of higher education services. The article concludes that EHEA existence ensured the increase in common export of higher education services by the region but did not eliminate the differences of student mobility rates among the member-states. Nevertheless, the absolute numbers and the share of international students grew in most of these states. The research evaluates and forecasts the role of regional initiatives at the world market of higher education services. The research results may also be useful for evaluating projects of integration in higher education sphere as well as for elaborating the support tools for Russian export of higher education.

Introduction. The article is devoted to the study of the main activities of the Indian National Congress (INC) during the reign of Viceroy Lansdowne. During this period, the main objects of the Congress were official recognition by the colonial administration and the expansion of propaganda work in Britain. But Congress also had several internal problems, such as an undeveloped organizational structure and controversies over unresolved social problems in India. Methods and materials. Based on reports on the annual sessions of the INC and the Indian and British press, the article examines the main problems of the development of the INC in 1888– 1894, the reasons for the increased activity of the Congress in England and the process of the emergence of the Congress' branches in London and the Indian Parliamentary Committee, and the peculiarities of the relationship between Congress and the colonial administration. Analysis. The Viceroy's views on Congress and their differences from the previous course of the Indian government are analyzed. The specifics of the activities of the INC in Great Britain are revealed. Particular attention is paid to the parliamentary work of the Congress. The reasons for the intensification of internal contradictions in the INC in the early 1890s are investigated. Results. It is concluded that Viceroy Lansdowne's refusal to abandon the repressive policy towards the Congress contributed to the progressive development of the Congress, which manifested itself in the revitalization of its activities in Great Britain. However, the development was accompanied by the strengthening of internal organizational contradictions and the beginning of the formation of a Congress' radical wing.

The article carries out a theoretical analysis of the categories "party system" and "relevant parties" in order to clarify the boundaries of these concepts. The contradictory traditional approach to the interpretation of these categories and the limited possibility of its application for the study of new and one-party political systems are shown. The application of a wide version of the definition of the party system, which includes the interaction of parties with citizens and institutions of power, as well as the prospect of recognizing all electoral parties as relevant, is justified.

The article raises the question of the place of Tropical Africa in the system of British foreign policy priorities before and after Brexit. It is shown that the African continent traditionally played an important role in the colonial empire of the United Kingdom, and its importance only intensified under the conditions of decolonization and the Cold War, which was demonstrated by the first visit in the colonial history of the country of the British leader of H. Macmillan to Africa south of the Sahara in February 1960 ("Year of Africa") and drawing attention to the future of the continent in connection with the acquisition of sovereign status by the colonies. However, after this tour, the weakening of Britain's ties with the continent in the trade, economic, political and other spheres gradually began to occur, and only after the Brexit referendum on June 23, 2016, the UK announced a reset of relations within the loud slogan and foreign policy line "Global Britain". In August 2018, Prime Minister T. May made a large-scale visit to the key countries of Tropical Africa, similar to H. Macmillan's trip in terms of numbers, status and intentions, on the eve of the completion of a series of negotiations with the European Union and the country's withdrawal from it. In addition to analyzing two of the British leaders' trips, the article raises important contemporary questions about the incompleteness of decolonization, the future of development policy, and the overall prospects for the UK's relationship with sub-Saharan Africa. Attention is also paid to the economic aspects of interaction between the parties and the updated priorities of Britain in the context of the pandemic and the challenges of European and global security under the influence of a new configuration of the system of international relations.

The article examines the peculiarities of EU normative power application in its development policy towards the countries of the Global South. Despite the controversial results of seventy years of efforts by the European Economic Community and then the European Union to promote development, the international situation and the difficulties inside the EU are making the EU intensify its development policy and look for more effective tools. The author tries to identify the reasons for the transformation of approaches in the EU development policy by taking into account the influence of both external and internal factors affecting the EU's ability to exercise its normative power. It is concluded that, firstly, the internal factors including the EU enlargements, solidarity crisis and Brexit are currently changing the EU's ability to serve as a normative power in its development policy. Secondly, the EU has not found any alternatives to development policy in solving both global and its own difficulties in normative and geopolitical aspects. Thirdly, the EU is still looking for more effective tools to both facilitate development and exercise its normative power. The practical significance of the research is to create a basis for elaborating and upgrading Russian development policy approaches since it is very limited, but it could be beneficial for Russia in the world arena.

The article assesses the level of stability of regional party systems in Russia. The empirical basis of the study was data on the results of elections to regional legislative assemblies of the Russian Federation in the period 2017–2021. The electoral volatility index of M. Pedersen is used as the main tool for quantitative analysis, as well as its modern modifications – indices of inter-electoral and total volatility. The conclusion on the diversity of party systems in the regions of Russia is justified, a typology of the regions on the level of stability of the party system is proposed.

The study reconstructs the archetypal image of the "alien" in "Siberian Chronicles" based on a continuous quantitative corpus analysis of texts made by digital methods using special software. For a detailed analysis, the archetype of the "alien", since the early stage of the annexation of Siberia to the Russian state by all indications (a different territory, a different faith, the Siberian Khanate as a military enemy) should be interpreted in the Siberian Chronicles as a paradigm conflict of "us/them" to resolve current socio-political tasks. To test this hypothesis, the classical text of the Siberian Chronicles was digitized, formally reorganized, and then analyzed using the Antconc software package, which determined the frequency of word forms and concordances. Based on such an analysis of the texts, the author concludes that the Siberian Chronicles form a neutral and even respectful image of the enemy. For example, the word form "king" is used in relation to Kuchum on average much more often than to the Moscow sovereign. In addition, the authors of the texts scrupulously approach the description of the Siberian Khanate, dwelling on its institutional characteristics. For the authors of the Siberian Chronicles, the enemy is not personified (first of all, in the image of the Siberian Khan Kuchum), but is embodied in the categories of a "different" political system as a whole. In general, according to the quantitative analysis, it is shown that the Siberian Chronicles construct the image of an "alien" (enemy, other) without a pronounced negative connotation and are not an ideological text that legitimizes the annexation of Siberia to the Russian state through derogatory characterizations of the enemy as a weak and unworthy rival.

This article analyses the ego-documentary narratives authored by writers of the younger generation of the literature of the first wave of the Russian emigration. Writers like I. Odoevtseva (On the Banks of the Neva and On the Banks of the Seine), G. Kuznetsova (Grasse Diary), and N. Berberova (Italics Are Mine: Autobiography) turned out to be united by a common personal and literary fate. They established dialogue with literary predecessors, which largely determines the aesthetic position of the authors and their place in the literature of abroad. The memoirs of I. V. Odoevtseva, as memoirs of a participant in the literary life of the Silver Age and the first wave of emigration, make it possible to recreate and preserve the era in the faces of its most prominent representatives, not so much as poets but as unique people. The organisation of the narrative in the form of dialogues meets the task of directly "resurrecting" its characters in the mind of the future reader. G. N. Kuznetsova's diary/memoir has a two-pronged task: firstly, it helps form an aesthetic idea of émigré life and the circle close to Bunin. Also, in the memory of the descendants, it not only preserves a man but also a unique artist, who was ahead of his time and felt dramatically at odds with his literary era. Finally, it depicts the complex process of formation and self-identification of a creative personality in their dialogue with the literary "forefathers". N. N. Berberova, who creates a myth about herself and her contemporaries according to the laws of pan-aesthetic art, includes herself in the йmigrй literary canon with a "pantheon" of literary "ancestors" (with Khodasevich and Bunin at the centre): if not a writer of the first row, then an outstanding one, a talented creative personality keeping up with the times.