Suchergebnisse

The article deals with the introduction in the russian army of company literacy schools for the lower ranks. The attention is paid to the forming of regimental libraries, as well as recommended literature for reading by the lower ranks. There were used as materials the unpublished documents of the Central state archive of the Navy (St. Petersburg, Russian Federation). In addition, there were attracted the orders on the army, as well as the publications of russian officers in the central military edition of the Russian Empire - the journal "Voennyi sbornik". The traditional research of this kind the principles of historicism, objectivity, analytical, probabilistic and statistical, typological and comparative methods form the methodological basis of the work. On the basis of dissimilar facts obtained in the course of practical work with sources, the method of historicism allowed to see the important phenomena and processes related to the organization of company schools, as well as regimental libraries in the russian army in the late 1850s. In conclusion, the authors stated that the Crimean war, which was unsuccessful for the Russian Empire, gave a powerful impetus to the development of military affairs, as well as it helped to increase the literacy among military personnel. Established in 1857, the company literacy schools acutely increased the number of literate lower ranks. The training in company schools was carried out during parking of military units on winter flats. The period of study in these schools was no more than 3 years. However in the army there were a significant number of problems in the organization of availability of training the lower ranks. One of such problems was the remoteness of parts of a company from a place of a dislocation of school, since, as a rule, the division was not quartered in one settlement, but in several. Copyright © 2018 by Sochi State University.

The article deals with the sports training in units of the Russian army during the Caucasian war. The attention is paid to the specifics of military operations in the coastal, flatland, foothill and mountain areas. The materials included the documents from the archival department of the Sochi city administration (Sochi, Russian Federation), scientific publications, as well as orders of the military department, which reflected the studying issues. The methodology of the article is based on the traditional principles of historicism, objectivity, analytical, probabilistic and statistical, typological and comparative methods. The method of historicism made it possible to see, on the basis of dissimilar facts, obtained in the course of practical work with the documents, the important phenomena and processes related to the organization of sports training in the Russian army and in particular among the troops in the Caucasus. In conclusion, the authors stated that the system of sports exercises covered all muscle groups and developed skills of the combatant in the Caucasus to overcome any difficulties in the implementation of combat missions. The system of sports training for all units was not the same and could be different. So, for example, the teams of the Azov barges were less trained on sports equipment, and paid more attention to the exercises on the development of the arms and shoulder girdle. The reasons for this were the impossibility of using barges in other climatic zones, except for the coastal. Copyright © 2017 by Academic Publishing House Researcher s.r.o. Copyright © 2017 by Sochi State University.