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This book traces the development of the international society tradition from its origins in Grotius' On the Law of War and Peace to its crystallization in Bull's The Anarchical Society. It follows the idea of sociability among peoples as it was presented by Grotius and substantiated by Pufendorf, through the skepticism of Voltaire and Kant, to emerge as humanitarian warfare and human rights in the international liberal movement, 'world society' in the 20th century Catholic revival, and common practices and social understandings in the English School in the period of disciplinary development in international relations after the Second World War. Cornelia Navari was Associate Professor of Political Science and International Studies at the University of Birmingham UK and Visiting Professor of International Affairs at the University of Buckingham. She has written Internationalism and the State in the 20th Century (2000) and Public Intellectuals and International Affairs (2012). Among edited works are Hans J Morgenthau and the American Experience (2018), International Organization in the Anarchical Society (2019) with Tonny Brems Knudsen, and International Society: The English School (2020). She was made an International Studies Association Distinguished Scholar in 2019.

This edited volume covers the development of the thought of the political realist Hans J. Morgenthau from the time of his arrival in America from Nazi-dominated Europe through to his emphatic denunciation of American policy in the Vietnam War. Critical to the development of thinking about American foreign policy in the post-war period, he laid out the idea of a national interest defined in terms of power, the precarious uncertainty of the international balance of power, the weakness of international morality, the decentralized character of international law, the deceptiveness of ideologies, and the requirements of a peace-preserving diplomacy. This volume is required reading for students of American foreign policy, and for anyone who wishes to understand the single most important source of the ideas underpinning American foreign policy since the end of the Second World War.

1. Introduction : the state as a contested concept in international relations / Cornelia Navari -- 2. Reality and illusion in the acquisition of statehood / Willie Henderson -- 3. The variety of states / James Mayall -- 4. Foreign policy and the domestic factor / Brian Porter -- 5. Diplomacy and the modern state / Christopher Hill -- 6. The state and integration / John Baker and Martin Kolinsky -- 7. The state and war / Philip Windsor -- 8. On the withering away of the state / Cornelia Navari -- 9. Hegel, civil society and the state / John Charvet -- 10. What ought to be done about the condition of states? / Mervyn Frost -- 11. The duties of liberal states / Christopher Brewin -- 12. States, food and the world common interest / Michael Donelan.

The new interest in ideas behind foreign policy and in different constructions of the international has neglected to consider the varied sources of such new ideas. Generally attributed to 'policy intellectuals' much of the radical new direction in foreign policy thinking that marked the 20th century came in fact from public intellectuals, increasingly recognised as a critical source of new thinking in liberal political orders. Building on the new research in public intellectuals and their contribution to public debate and policy evolution, this book provides a comprehensive treatment of the thought of the major public intellectuals who made critical contributions to the thought behind and the practice of foreign policy and international relations during the 20th century. The result is a fresh look at some familiar figures, new studies of some less recognised personalities, and new evaluations of some contested thinkers.

Arguing for a middle ground between idealism and realism, this book considers the most pressing ethical and moral issues in contemporary international politics, including intervention, human rights and aid, and sets about reasoning how to resolve them in politically realistic ways

This collection rejects excessive idealism in considering contemporary ethical dilemmas and returns to more classical styles of ethical reasoning, including pragmatism, legal realism and the virtuous life. Valuing pluralism and the ethical dilemmas that ensue from the multiplicity of values in contemporary international society, this book does not seek to solve by raising one value over others, but rather by seeking reconciliations. Arguing for a middle ground between idealism and realism, this book offers a fruitful starting point for studying international ethics, of war most obviously, but also of justice, human rights, intervention, succession and development ethics where universal ideals encounter real world obstacles to the accomplishment of principles of the good. The collection considers real-life situations and how to resolve them in ways that do not demand a total overthrow of the contemporary international order but that point to ways to ameliorate it. Bringing together renowned international scholars in the field, this book will appeal to scholars of international relations and international ethics, as well as diplomats.

The major changes in state relations which have occurred during the present century are described in this book and the sources from which they emerged. It look at strategies and the choices of the major powers in the direction of internationalisation.

Some of the themes found in William Bain's book, Political Theolog of International Order, were prefigured in his chapter on Hedley Bull's The Anarchical Society. This article looks back to that earlier chapter and draws on some of the themes while providing a critical reading of them and Bain's larger project.