Percepciones de los éuskaros un siglo después / Roldán Jimeno Aranguren -- La Asociación Euskara y la lengua / José Luis Nieva Zardoya -- La actitud lingüística de Campión, Catolicismo, tradición y foralidad / José Javier López Antón -- Los carlistas y la defensa del euskera / Vicente Garmendia García de Cortázar -- Amaya da asiera : la actitud de Navarro Villoslada ante el vascuence / Carlos Mata Induráin -- Los liberales navarros ante la irrupción del euskarismo / Angel García-Sanz Marcotegui --
AbstractThe objective of this paper is to review the academic literature and identify best practices on the integration of artificial intelligence and sustainable technologies in strategic renewable energy and Power-to-X projects globally. We reflect upon the way in which exemplary case studies can be used to foster a common shared view among different policy makers to highlight new ways through which energy efficiency and systemic improvements in the energy sector may be achieved while curbing carbon emissions and addressing climate change. The main risks, challenges and mitigations for integrating artificial intelligence and sustainable technologies in energy systems are also educed from both the academic literature as well as interviews with experts. Our findings indicate that while the integration of artificial intelligence and sustainable technologies can support energy efficiency and systemic improvements in the energy sector, there are several risks that were not previously identified in the literature. Critical areas of future development for academic research as well as opportunities for professional practice are presented.
L'inadéquation des compétences au marché du travail européen est un phénomène qui intéresse fortement l'Union Européenne, qui recommande depuis des années à la communauté scientifique universitaire d'adapter les formations pour les rendre plus cohérentes avec les besoins imposés par la mutation technologique et l'avènement des médias numériques, qui ont modifié les structures organisationnelles et relationnelles des entreprises. Le projet européen TESEO a tenté de répondre au problème de l'inadéquation par la création des formations, formelles et informelles, pour le développement des compétences numériques dans le but de faire face aux dynamiques sociales créées par la mondialisation et de répondre aux besoins d'innovation de marchés de plus en plus connectés et concurrentiels.
Sovrappopolamento, cambiamenti climatici, povertà, giustizia, equità sociale e salute sono i temi e le sfide che toccano trasversalmente l'habitat umano sia in termini di strategie sia in termini di produzione dello spazio urbano. Di fronte alla domanda posta da Kazujo Sejima in occasione della Biennale veneziana da lei diretta nel 2010, se l'architettura possa ancora "[.] chiarire nuovi valori e stili di vita per il XXI secolo?", la presente ricerca individua nella Human Scale la questione chiave in grado di offrire la possibilità di una risposta affermativa. Il concetto di Human Scale, di cui in questi ultimi anni la letteratura scientifica e specialistica (in particolare anglosassone ed introdotta in primis dell'architetto danese Jan Gehl) sta ampiamente discutendo, va considerata nella sua dimensione articolata, riferita non solo (e non tanto) alla "misura" matematico- geometrica dello spazio, ma anche alle condizioni biologiche, sociali, culturali ed economiche dell'essere umano, secondo una declinazione (almeno) triplice: umana, architettonica e politica. Il primo aspetto è legato all'uomo, alla sua percezione dello spazio come corpo e mente nella loro indissolubile unità (misura, dimensione, movimento); il secondo è legato alla forma architettonica e, in particolare, alla sua porosità, continuità e accessibilità; il terzo interpreta la Human Scale come res publica, "cosa di tutti", in quanto spazio (pubblico) e politica (pubblica). A emblematizzare la scelta della Human Scale, sono stati individuati due casi-studio: la città di New York e quella di Copenhagen, internazionalmente riconosciute come laboratori importanti di nuove forme di urbanità del XXI secolo, tenuti insieme, peraltro, dalla figura centrale di Jan Gehl. Lo studio delle parti di città prese in esame rendono evidente come l'applicazione della Human Scale dia luogo a un'architettura della città porosa, accessibile, facilmente e felicemente praticabile, configurando nell'uso quotidiano un'architettura aggregante e resiliente che si pone quale forma infrastrutturale al servizio della collettività. ; Overpopulation, climate change, poverty, justice, social equity, and health are the issues and challenges that transversely affect the human habitat in terms of strategies and urban space production. In 2010, Kazujo Sejima, as 12th Venice Biennale director, questions, 'Can architecture help clarify new values and a new lifestyle for the 21st century?' This research identifies the Human Scale as an affirmative answer. In recent years the scientific and specialized literature (mainly Anglo-Saxon and introduced primarily by the Danish architect Jan Gehl) has widely discussed the Human Scale concept, considering its articulated dimension. It referred not only to the mathematical-geometric "measure" of space but also the biological, social, cultural, and economic conditions of the human being, according to, at least, a triple declination: human, architectural, and political. The first declination is linked to man, to his perception of space as body and mind in their indissoluble unity (measure, size, movement). The second is related to the architectural form and, in particular, to its porosity, continuity, and accessibility. The third interprets the Human Scale as res publica, 'cosa di tutti' as a (public) space, and (public) politics. Two case studies emblematize the Human Scale choice: the city of New York and Copenhagen, internationally recognized as excellent laboratories of new forms of urbanity of the 21st century, held together, moreover, by the central figure of Jan Gehl. The study of the parts of the city examined make it clear how the application of the Human Scale gives rise to a porous, accessible, easily and happily practicable architecture of the city, configuring in everyday use an aggregating and resilient architecture that stands infrastructural form at the service of the community.
ABSTRACTThere is evidence that worker cooperatives provide a greater stabilization of employment compared to capital‐managed firms. While the reasons of this behaviour can be ascribed to their property and governance structure, less is known of the tools to put it into practice. I discuss two possible ways to guarantee employment insurance: by letting wages fluctuate, or by accumulating reinvested profits into an income stabilizing fund that copes with downturns without firing and without reducing wages. In this second case, I find out that asset locks play a wage smoothing role. This may explain the large share of profits that are reinvested in this indivisible and not appropriable fund. I provide evidence for this mechanism by means of original data at the firm level and of first‐hand collected survey data at the individual level on risk perception in a sample of Italian cooperatives.
