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Research indicates that ideological congruence between citizens and political parties increases the likelihood of turning out to vote. But does this relationship also hold in times of economic crisis? In this study, I investigate whether economic conditions moderate the effect of voter–party representation on turnout. I argue that ideological congruence has significant effects on electoral participation during "normal" times, but these are even more relevant when citizens face economic hardship. Thus, in times of crisis, citizens are more likely to vote if they have a party that represents their position. I empirically test this argument by analyzing large-scale cross-national survey data from the Comparative Study of Electoral Systems (CSES). Findings bear important implications for the relationship between economic conditions and the functioning of modern democracies.

This paper studies the extent to which economic crises bust different reactions depending on individual ideological identity. Our argument is that individual left-right identification shapes how citizens evaluate the functioning of democracy, and consequently, it moderates the impact of economic crises on democratic discontent. We argue that left-wing individuals' views on democratic performance would be more heavily affected by economic results and strongly shaped by the (in)capacity of a democracy to represent its citizens in its reaction to the economic crisis. After testing our argument with data from the ESS, we provide evidence from a survey experiment conducted in Spain. Both analyses show that economic crises are relevant in explaining democratic dissatisfaction, but the strength of their impact depends on ideological identities. Economic results have a stronger effect on the satisfaction with democracy of left-wing individuals by negatively affecting their perception of the functioning of democratic representation.

This paper studies the extent to which economic crises bust different reactions depending on individual ideological identity. Our argument is that individual left-right identification shapes how citizens evaluate the functioning of democracy, and consequently, it moderates the impact of economic crises on democratic discontent. We argue that left-wing individuals' views on democratic performance would be more heavily affected by economic results and strongly shaped by the (in)capacity of a democracy to represent its citizens in its reaction to the economic crisis. After testing our argument with data from the ESS, we provide evidence from a survey experiment conducted in Spain. Both analyses show that economic crises are relevant in explaining democratic dissatisfaction, but the strength of their impact depends on ideological identities. Economic results have a stronger effect on the satisfaction with democracy of left-wing individuals by negatively affecting their perception of the functioning of democratic representation. ; The publication of this article was funded by the Ministry of Science, Research and Arts of Baden-Württemberg and the University of Mannheim. We would like to thank the Economic and Social Research Council for its generous support through grant ES/N01734X/1.

Research has shown that voting in European elections is affected by domestic politics. However, in the last years, and particularly after the European debt crisis, also the EU has gained relevance and salience in national politics. In this paper we address the Europeanization of national elections and assess to what extent the characteristics of countries condition the intensity of EU issue voting. Using data from the European Election Studies and the Comparative Manifestos Project, our results demonstrate the importance of congruence between citizens' and parties' positions on the EU for the individual vote on the national level and show how this varies across countries. We provide evidence that EU issue voting is more intense in countries with more political influence in the EU as well as in countries that are net contributors to EU funds. ; We also acknowledge the Economic and Social Research Council for its generous support through grant ES/N01734X/1, and the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación through grant CSO2017-82881-R.

Parties have strong incentives to present a relatively cohesive policy position to the voters across different levels of a political system. However, the adoption of inclusive forms of candidate selection methods like primaries could result in the selection of top candidates for elections on the subnational sphere who are not favoured by the party leadership. This is often seen as a threat to high levels of intra-party programmatic cohesion. Because subnational party organizations depend to a significant degree on the support from their national party, we argue that regional party branches that selected their top candidates by means of a primary adopt a policy position that deviates less strongly from the one of their national party. However, candidates selected by primaries might need to be responsive to the preferences of their regional selectorate, so that the incentives for parties at a regional level to deviate substantially from the position of their national party organization could increase. By analysing the content of 150 regional election manifestos of Spanish parties, we find that if a party's top candidate for a regional election is selected in a primary, then the policy distance between the respective regional and national party decreases. However, this effect is not observable for recently founded parties.

Open Educational Resources (OER) are digital materials for teaching-learning purpose released under an open license that are available through websites. In the last decade, some governments have encouraged the development and using of OER in order to contribute to the achievement of the right to education for everyone, a fundamental right included in The Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Besides, inclusion of people with disabilities is a global concern that need to be addressed in all living aspects including education.In this research we address the user experience in OER websites —considering the perspective of users with disabilities— in order to recognize possible barriers in web design. The conformance criteria considered for this reviewing are mandatory aspects of user experience in relation to Web accessibility and Web usability. ; This work has been partially supported by the Prometeo Project by the Secretary of Higher Education, Science Technology and Innovation (SENESCYT) of the Ecuadorian Government.

Introducción: actualmente, los profesionales de la salud presentan dificultades para reconocer la información que necesitan, dónde localizarla, usarla, evaluarla, y comunicarla eficientemente, por ello se realizó el diagnóstico sobre el nivel de alfabetización informacional de los mismos. Objetivo: implementar un diplomado que contribuya a la preparación en la gestión de la información y el conocimiento que necesitan para su desempeño profesional. Diseño metodológico: se realizó un estudio de intervención educativa cuasi experimental sin grupo control con el objetivo de desarrollar competencias informacionales en el uso de los recursos de información que ofrece el portal Infomed entre los profesionales de la salud de la provincia Mayabeque en el período comprendido entre diciembre del 2015 y marzo del 2017. La población objeto de estudio fue de 21 profesionales que matricularon el diplomado. Resultados: se determinó que al inicio del diplomado solamente el 14,2% habían participado en algún tipo de capacitación sobre alfabetización informacional, después del diplomado se incrementó el uso de las fuentes de información disponibles en el portal de Infomed de un 57,1% a un 99,9%; las fuentes documentales más utilizadas tanto antes como después del diplomado fueron las electrónicas, el 71,3 % autoevaluó de regular y mal su nivel de desempeño en el uso de las tecnologías antes del diplomado; tanto antes (47,6%) como después (81,8%) la mayoría ejecuta su propia búsqueda. Conclusiones: el diplomado contribuyó a la formación de competencias informacionales en los profesionales de la salud del territorio.

The number of e-government websites has increased greatly in recent years. Many countries have laws to ensure that e-government sites satisfy web accessibility requirements. The objective of web accessibility is to ensure that people with disabilities can access websites just like everyone else. However, laws that enforce web accessibility do not automatically guarantee compliance: e-government websites are not always prepared to provide a correct service to persons with disabilities. This paper analyses the accessibility of a group of e-government websites of all South American countries and Spain. Three official websites from each country has been analysed: the government, the Parliament and the Senate websites. Different automatic evaluation tools have been used to perform the analysis. The preliminary results of our research show that the majority of e-government websites do not provide adequate levels of web accessibility. ; This work has been partially supported by the Prometeo Project by SENESCYT, Ecuadorian Government.

The study, funded by the Ministerium für Wissenschaft, Forschung und Kunst Baden-Württemberg, is carried out jointly by GESIS – Leibniz Institute for the Social Sciences, and the Mannheim Centre for European Social Research (MZES) as part of the digilog@bw project. Digilog investigates the effects of digitalization on individuals and the society from an interdisciplinary point of view. Besides questions about modern sexism, attitudes towards science, attitudes towards the war in Ukraine, and several other timing topics, this survey includes a conjoint experiment, in which respondents assess different party profiles that are described by their stances on immigration, attitudes towards democracy and towards the EU, environmental protection and the role of the state in the economy. Respondents see two parties in each round (there is a total of 2 rounds) and answer questions about which party would they vote for and how likely it is that they vote for such a party in national elections. Respondents were randomly assigned to the different party profiles.
Prior to this study, the Digilog project conducted and published two significant studies: a Panel Study (https://doi.org/10.7802/2390) and a Cross-sectional Study (https://doi.org/10.7802/2459). Both of these studies are publicly available at GESIS, providing valuable resources for further research and analysis.

The study, funded by the Ministerium für Wissenschaft, Forschung und Kunst Baden-Württemberg, is carried out jointly by GESIS – Leibniz Institute for the Social Sciences, and the Mannheim Centre for European Social Research (MZES) as part of the digilog@bw project. Digilog investigates the effects of digitalization on individuals and the society from an interdisciplinary point of view. The study collected data on the use of digital media, misinformation, political trust and political behaviour in Germany in May/June 2022. The focus is on misinformation, perceptions of democracy, different political behaviours, political attitudes and digital media use.