Suchergebnisse

Artículos especiales ; [ES] Dos recientes pronunciamientos de la Sala 4ª de lo Social del Tribunal Supremo han puesto fin a la doctrina jurisprudencial por la que, para evitar el "enriquecimiento injusto" del trabajador accidentado, se exoneraba al empresario del deber de reparar los perjuicios causados en un accidente de trabajo o enfermedad profesional, por el incumplimientos de sus obligaciones en materia de seguridad. Este cambio jurisprudencial obliga a abordar la cuantificación económica de los distintos componentes indemnizatorios. En este trabajo ofrecemos un novedoso método para la evaluación económica directa del daño moral basado en los años de vida ajustados por calidad perdidos por los trabajadores que sufren un accidente de trabajo. El método propuesto se ofrece como una alternativa ventajosa frente a la utilización del baremo de tráfico.] [EN] Two recent Social Supreme Court rulings have put an end to the jurisprudential doctrine that prevented the "unfair enrichment" of an injured worker. This doctrine exempted the employer from theobligation of repairing the damage caused by work accidents or occupational diseases, stemming from breaches of the employer's security obligations. The jurisprudential change requires addressing the economic quantification of the various components of workers' compensation. Our study offers a novel method for assessing the economic value of moral damage based on Quality Adjusted Life Years lost by workers who suffer a work accident. The proposed method is presented as an alternative that is more appropriate than the use of the traffic scale. ; No

Crescimento económico espanhol levou a um aumento da degradação ambiental, com repercussão negativa na saúde pública. A deterioração é parcialmente refletido no baixo nível de tratamento de águas residuais. Embora a série de dados nacional sobre águas residuais tratadas mostra uma evolução favorável, a comparação por regiões revela a existência de diferenças importantes entre eles. Estas diferenças de crescer como um resultado do aumento das pressões de planejamento urbano, por vezes agravados por um aumento de turistas também. Este trabalho analisa a relação entre a qualidade da água e do turismo. Os resultados mostram comportamentos muito fraca convergência regional no volume de águas residuais tratadas e de água recuperada. Regiões que recebem mais turistas apresentam um maior volume de águas residuais tratadas, mas não o suficiente para compensar a diferença em termos per capita com outras regiões onde o turismo tem um impacto muito menor. Assim, o impacto ambiental do turismo deve ser tido em conta como fator relevante para a competitividade e as desigualdades na saúde pública.

Spain is one of the European countries with more municipalities adhering to the Local Agenda 21 (LA21). Environmental spending exerts a great influence on implementing LA21. But some authors raise doubts about the firm commitment of local governments to LA21 objectives. Thus, the main objective of this paper is to verify whether political commitment is backed up with action towards meeting the objectives of sustainable development by means of budgetary support for waste management policies. To accomplish this, we applied the Difference in Differences technique for the period 2002-2012 in the Spanish municipalities. Our initial results confirmed the original hypotheses and showed that local governments that adhered to LA21 were genuinely committed to achieving at least one LA21 goal and offering greater budgetary support for waste management. However, the sensitivity analysis revealed unexpectedly ambiguous evidence about the research question, in that we observed a great volatility of results depending on the sample and dependent variables chosen. ; España es uno de los países europeos con más municipios adheridos a la Agenda 21 Local (AL21). El gasto medioambiental ejerce una gran influencia en la implementación de la AL21. No obstante, algunos autores han planteado dudas sobre la existencia de un compromiso real por parte de los gobiernos locales con los objetivos de la AL21. Así pues, el principal objetivo de este trabajo es verificar la autenticidad del compromiso político hacia el cumplimiento de los objetivos de desarrollo sostenible por parte de las autoridades locales, reflejando dicho compromiso en el apoyo presupuestario a las políticas de gestión de residuos. Para llevar a cabo tal verificación aplicaremos la técnica conocida como Diferencia en diferencias sobre los datos presupuestarios de los municipios españoles durante el periodo 2002-2012. Los resultados inicialmente obtenidos confirmaron que los gobiernos locales adheridos a la AL21 están realmente comprometidos con al menos un objetivo de la ...

Spain is one of the European countries with more municipalities adhering to the Local Agenda 21 (LA21). Environmental spending exerts a great influence on implementing LA21. But some authors raise doubts about the firm commitment of local governments to LA21 objectives. Thus, the main objective of this paper is to verify whether political commitment is backed up with action towards meeting the objectives of sustainable development by means of budgetary support for waste management policies. To accomplish this, we applied the Difference in Differences technique for the period 2002-2012 in the Spanish municipalities. Our initial results confirmed the original hypotheses and showed that local governments that adhered to LA21 were genuinely committed to achieving at least one LA21 goal and offering greater budgetary support for waste management. However, the sensitivity analysis revealed unexpectedly ambiguous evidence about the research question, in that we observed a great volatility of results depending on the sample and dependent variables chosen ; España es uno de los países europeos con más municipios adheridos a la Agenda 21 Local (AL21). El gasto medioambiental ejerce una gran influencia en la implementación de la AL21. No obstante, algunos autores han planteado dudas sobre la existencia de un compromiso real por parte de los gobiernos locales con los objetivos de la AL21. Así pues, el principal objetivo de este trabajo es verificar la autenticidad del compromiso político hacia el cumplimiento de los objetivos de desarrollo sostenible por parte de las autoridades locales, reflejando dicho compromiso en el apoyo presupuestario a las políticas de gestión de residuos. Para llevar a cabo tal verificación aplicaremos la técnica conocida como Diferencia en diferencias sobre los datos presupuestarios de los municipios españoles durante el periodo 2002-2012. Los resultados inicialmente obtenidos confirmaron que los gobiernos locales adheridos a la AL21 están realmente comprometidos con al menos un objetivo de la AL21, el relativo a la gestión de residuos, y dicho compromiso se ve reflejado en un mayor apoyo presupuestario. No obstante, el análisis de sensibilidad puso de manifiesto la existencia de una inesperada y ambigua evidencia respecto a la pregunta de investigación. Se observa una notable volatilidad de los resultados dependiendo de la muestra y la variable dependiente elegida ; Financial support of the research project: 014-ABEL-CM- 2014A —Sustainable development as an innovation opportunity in management model of public organisations; evaluation and promotion of citizen participation towards sustainability; supported by a grant from Iceland, Liechtenstein and Norway through the EEA Financial Mechanism and operated by Universidad Complutense de Madrid; Call ABEL-CM-2014A of NILS Mobility Program for Science and Sustainability

This study was supported by research grants from CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain (PI16/01858, PI18/01573, PI20/01568), co-funded by European Union (ERDF), "A way to make Europe". ; Supplementary data to this article can be found online at https://doi. org/10.1016/j.envint.2021.106734 ; Background Despite restrictions on their production and use, most of the population is still exposed to Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs), including organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). These chemicals are thought to contribute to the aetiology of highly prevalent chronic conditions, such as cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), although current evidences are still controversial. Objectives To explore the potential contribution of historical POP exposure to 15-year pharmaceutical consumption in relation to CVD. Methods This study is framed within GraMo adult cohort. Participants (n = 387) were recruited in two hospitals in Granada province, Southern Spain (2003–2004). Historical exposure to 5 OCPs and 3 non-dioxine-like PCBs was estimated by analysing adipose tissue concentrations at recruitment. Pharmaceutical consumption from recruitment until year 2017 was quantified by reviewing dispensation databases. Average consumption increase (ACI) in CVD medication was calculated by subtracting average consumption in 2002 to the average yearly consumption during follow-up. ACI was expressed as Defined Daily Dose (DDD)/year units. Data analyses were carried out using a multivariable multinomial logistic regression and weighted quantile sum regression (WQS), with ACI categorized in quartiles (Q) as the dependent variable. Results Concentrations of most pollutants showed a positive trend with the quartiles of ACI. Particularly, PCB-153 showed increasing and statistically significant odds ratios (ORs) for Q2 (OR: 1.27, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.07–1.52), Q3 (OR: 1.49, 95 %CI: 1.17–1.88) and Q4 (OR: 1.42, 95 %CI: 1.13–1.78) vs Q1. Similarly, beta-hexachlorocyclohexane (β-HCH) also showed increasing ORs, that reached statistical significance in Q4 (OR: 1.36, 95 %CI: 1.06–1.74) vs Q1. These findings were corroborated by WQS analyses, that revealed a significant mixture effect, predominantly accounted for by PCB-153 and β-HCH. Discussion Our results suggest that long-term POP exposure might represent a modifiable risk factor for CVD. These findings are relevant for public health campaigns and management, since pharmaceutical consumption is considered an indicator of both morbidity and health expenditure. ; CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública ; Santa Ana and San Cecilio Hospitals RYC-2016-20155 ; European Commission ; Instituto de Salud Carlos III PI16/01858, PI18/01573, PI20/01568 ISCIII Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad, Gobierno de España ; European Regional Development Fund ; Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad, Gobierno de España