Embassies – Negotiations – Gifts: Systems of East Roman Diplomacy in Late Antiquity
In: Geographica Historica v.30
Intro -- Vorwort der Herausgeber -- Acknowledgments -- Contents -- Introduction -- Chapter I: Mechanisms of diplomacy -- 1. State structures -- 1.1 Emperor -- 1.2 Senate -- 1.3 Consistorium -- 1.4 Sacrum cubiculum -- 1.5 The magister officiorum and his personnel -- 1.6 Other administrative structures -- 1.7 Decision-making -- 2. Reception of embassies -- 2.1 Ceremonial of reception -- 2.2 Non- or partial reception of an embassy -- 2.3 The release of envoys -- 3. Diplomatic interchanges -- 3.1 Open interchanges -- 3.2 Secret interchanges -- 4. Diplomatic inviolability and the problem of the safety of diplomatic delegations -- 5. Conclusions -- Chapter II: Diplomatic negotiation -- 1. The negotiating parties and agents -- 1.1 Rulers -- 1.2 Ruler and representative -- 1.3 Negotiations between representatives of rulers -- 1.4 Agents of negotiation. A summary -- 2. The purposes of embassies -- 2.1 Negotiations of a ›peaceful‹ origin -- 2.2 Negotiations held in consequence of a military conflict -- 2.3 Main questions of negotiations and clauses of treaties -- 3. Procedure of discussing and signing a treaty -- 4. Conclusions -- Chapter III: Embassy structure and personnel -- 1. Ranks, ›professions‹ and qualities of ambassadors -- 1.1 Titles and dignities of envoys -- 1.2 Qualities of a diplomat -- 1.3 ›Professional diplomats‹ -- 2. Embassy personnel -- 2.1 Chief envoys -- 2.2 Companions of chief envoys -- 2.3 Interpreters -- 2.4 Messengers -- 2.5 Οτ̔̈»Ε"»· περτ̔̈»Ε76·. The ambassador's satellites and suite -- 2.6 ›Outsiders‹ travelling with embassies -- 2.7 Lists of embassy personnel and the number of people in a diplomatic delegation -- 3. Diplomatic expeditions -- 3.1 Ambassadors' voyages -- 3.2 Transport and logistics -- 3.3 Conditions on diplomatic journeys. Envoys' adventures -- 4. Extra embassy functions. Information gathering -- 4.1 Envoys' reports.
