Suchergebnisse

Women's advocates' strategies to influence international health agencies offer a new way to think about development. This article deals with the vibrant growth of women's health initiatives at the Pan-American Health Organization during Latin America's financially turbulent years from the 1980s through the 1990s. The multi-faceted nature of this process was especially apparent in the case of cervical cancer, the illness that launched the organization's cancer control programs. Archived reports and interviews with former officers show how the Pan-American Health Organization's approach to women's health broadened in this period to include new actors in response to demands of women's health advocates from Latin America. These advocates advanced the position that gender inequality played a fundamental role in placing women at risk for lethal and preventable illnesses. They also challenged international health agencies such as the Pan-American Health Organization to prioritize redressing those gendered inequalities as integral to development, rather than define the latter solely in terms of the improvement of economic conditions.

This essay presents the main arguments of the National Security Study Memorandum 200, developed in 1974 by the Office of the Secretary of State of the United States. This document, entitled Implications of Worldwide Population Growth for U.S. Security and Overseas Interests, reveals the steps in family planning that the U.S. government would take to reduce population growth rates in less developed countries, particularly those that received aid from the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID). Though originally confidential, the NSSM 200 became public in the 1990s, and is one of the few sources that help us understand how the U.S. government interpreted demographic growth in the 1960s and 1970s, its relation to poverty in developing countries, and the national security of the U.S. ; En este ensayo se presentan los principales argumentos del National Security Study Memorandum 200 (NSSM 200), elaborado en 1974 por la oficina del Secretario de Estado de los Estados Unidos. Este documento, titulado Implications of worldwide population growth for U.S. security and overseas interests, revela las acciones de planificación familiar que este gobierno tomaría para disminuir las tasas de crecimiento poblacional en países menos desarrollados, particularmente aquellos que recibían apoyo de la Agencia de los Estados Unidos para el Desarrollo Internacional (USAID). Aunque originalmente de naturaleza confidencial, el NSSM 200 se hizo público en la década del '90, y es una de las pocas fuentes que existen para entender cómo el gobierno de los EE.UU. interpretaba el crecimiento demográfico en los años '60 y '70 del siglo XX, su relación con la pobreza en los países en vías de desarrollo, y la seguridad nacional de los EE.UU.

El potencial reproductivo de la nación -- Irene Silva de Santolalla y la familia bien constituida -- Abortos y acusaciones : expertos y legos entre crimen y costumbre -- Los trabajadores de salud y sus encuentros con la anticoncepción -- Entra el gobierno (y sale) : inicios de las políticas de población -- Curas y píldoras : planificación familiar a la católica

Buenos Aires psychoanalysts resisting imperialism. Brazilian parasitologists embracing communism as an antidote to rural misery. Nicaraguan revolutionaries welcoming Cuban health cooperation. Chilean public health reformers gauging domestic approaches against Soviet and Western counterparts. These and accompanying accounts—as explored in Peripheral Nerve—problematize existing understandings of how the Cold War unfolded in Latin America, generally and in health and medical realms. Bringing together scholars from across the Americas, this volume chronicles the experiences of Latin American physicians, nurses, medical scientists, and reformers who interacted with dominant US and European players and sought alternative channels of health and medical solidarity with the Soviet Union and via South-South cooperation. Throughout, Peripheral Nerve highlights how Latin American health professionals accepted, rejected, and adapted foreign involvement; manipulated the rivalry between the United States and the USSR; and forged local variants that they projected internationally. In so doing, this collection reveals the multivalent nature of Latin American health politics, offering a significant contribution to Cold War history.Contributors. Cheasty Anderson, Anne-Emanuelle Birn, Katherine E. Bliss, Gilberto Hochman, Jennifer L. Lambe, Nicole Pacino, Carlos Henrique Assunção Paiva, Jadwiga E. Pieper Mooney, Raúl Necochea López, Marco A. Ramos, Gabriela Soto Laveaga