Suchergebnisse

The integrative force of the Member States' status on the judicial function is expressed through the loyalty obligation to provide remedies sufficient to ensure effective legal protection in the fields covered by Union law (Art 19, par 1, subpar 2, TEU). Member States have to ensure access to the national judge, who has been entrusted with a European mandate, and who is in measure to cooperate with the Court of Justice through the preliminary reference procedure. The Member States establish in this way an integrated judicial function. The exercise of such a function by the national judge, in cooperation with the Court of Justice and under the control of the Member State, implies integrative dynamic, which however depends on the balancing exercise with national procedural autonomy and the margin of appreciation of the national judge.

New generation of free trade agreements (CETA, TTIP, agreements with Singapore, China, Vietnam, Japan i.e.) are the expression of the objective of making the European Union a global international actor. The external action of the Union is however dependent on the principle of conferral and the division of competences with its Member States. It results from Opinion 2/15 of the Court of Justice that the EU competence to conclude the free trade agreement with Singapore is not exclusive, as long as provisions concerning non-direct investments and dispute settlement fall under the shared competence of the Union and its Member States. The limits of the Union's external competence and the conclusion of a mixed agreement jeopardise the effectiveness of the Union's external action. However, the objective of an efficient external action allows a novel interpretation of the scope of the Union's competence in the field of common commercial policy, comprising sustainable development provisions, as well as of the conditions of exercise of shared external competences.

The seminar analyses the obligation of the Member States to provide remedies sufficient to ensure effective legal protection in the fields covered by EU law (Article 19 TEU). The duty of the national judge, stemming from fundamental EU law principles, to ensure effective implementation of EU law and effective judicial protection, is to be considered in the light of the right to an effective remedy enshrined in Article 47 of the Charter of Fundamental Rights, which affects the balancing exercise with national procedural autonomy. The particular place and function of the preliminary reference procedure (Art 267 TFEU) in the legal order of the European Union may shed light on the impact of Article 19 TEU on the European mandate of the national judge.

The introduction to the collective book edited by the author analyses how the margin of appreciation of the national judge in the preliminary reference procedure depends on the double mandate to ensure effective implementation of European Union law and to guarantee an effective judicial protection. The national judge has a limited margin of appreciation while evaluating the need for a preliminary ruling and the relevance of the questions addressed to the Court of Justice of the European Union. The limitations stem from the consideration of the preliminary reference procedure as a tool to ensure effective judicial protection. The margin of appreciation of the national judge is more important while implementing EU law following the preliminary ruling of the Court, as he is is ensuring the balance between the Union's and Member States' interests.