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This book gathers the latest research results of scientists from different countries who have made essential contributions to the novel analysis of cyber security. Addressing open problems in the cyber world, the book consists of two parts. Part I focuses on cyber operations as a new tool in global security policy, while Part II focuses on new cyber security technologies when building cyber power capabilities. The topics discussed include strategic perspectives on cyber security and cyber warfare, cyber security implementation, strategic communication, trusted computing, password cracking, systems security and network security among others.

Intro -- Title page -- Table of Contents -- Copyright -- About the authors -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Chapter 1. Introduction -- 1.1. Rapid increase in digitalized innovation -- 1.2. Structural decline in productivity -- 1.3. The dilemma of digitalized innovation and productivity decline -- 1.4. Two-sided nature of information and communication technology -- 1.5. Uncaptured GDP -- 1.6. Spin-off coevolution -- 1.7. Activation of self-propagating function -- 1.8. Soft innovation resources -- 1.9. Neo open innovation -- Chapter 2. The productivity paradox and the limitations of GDP in measuring the digital economy -- 2.1. The increasing significance of the measurement mismatch in the digital economy -- 2.2. From "computer-initiated" to "internet-initiated" productivity paradox -- 2.3. New spin-off business strategies in the transition to an Internet of Things society -- 2.4. Limitations of GDP data for measuring the digital economy -- 2.5. Conclusion -- Chapter 3. Increasing dependence on uncaptured GDP and ways to measure it -- 3.1. Structural sources of productivity decline in the digital economy -- 3.2. The two-sided nature of information and communication technology -- 3.3. Shift from monetary to nonmonetary consumption -- 3.4. Emergence of uncaptured GDP and its measurement -- 3.5. Conclusion -- Chapter 4. The emergence of soft innovation resources -- 4.1. The new stream of the digital economy and beyond -- 4.2. Remarkable disruptive business models from which new innovations emerge -- 4.3. Soft innovation resources -- 4.4. Assessment of soft innovation resources -- 4.5. Conclusion -- Chapter 5. Neo open innovation in the digital economy -- 5.1. R& -- D-driven growth in an Internet of Things society -- 5.2. Bipolarization of information and communication technology-driven development -- 5.3. R&.

The importance of accuracy verification methods was understood at the very beginning of the development of numerical analysis. Recent decades have seen a rapid growth of results related to adaptive numerical methods and a posteriori estimates. However, in this important area there often exists a noticeable gap between mathematicians creating the theory and researchers developing applied algorithms that could be used in engineering and scientific computations for guaranteed and efficient error control. The goals of the book are to (1) give a transparent explanation of the underlying mathematical theory in a style accessible not only to advanced numerical analysts but also to engineers and students; (2) present detailed step-by-step algorithms that follow from a theory; (3) discuss their advantages and drawbacks, areas of applicability, give recommendations and examples