"A History of the First Black Auto Manufacturers - Second Edition major update to the 2010 edition The C. R. Patterson and Sons Company conducted business in Greenfield, Ohio, from 1865-1939. Founded by Charles Richard (C.R.) Patterson, a free person of color born in the South and relocating to the North in the 1840s, this company passed through three generations of the Patterson family. Throughout its history the company transitioned from building carriages, automobiles, trucks, and then buses, all in order to keep up with the rapidly changing demands and technology of the transportation industry during that period. When C. R.'s son, Frederick, began producing automobiles in 1915, he became the first and only Black manufacturer ever known to have built an automobile. This company led many pioneering efforts in providing proper vehicles for both horse-drawn and motorized school transportation and was also an industry leader in winter buggy design. The Pattersons always tried to find their niche within the transportation industry where they could remain competitive and achieve continued success. The family was highly involved in other areas as well, including Freemasonry, politics, and aiding Booker T. Washington in the founding of the National Negro Business League. This company and family have a unique history, and a thoroughly detailed account has never been told that fully documents their story of overcoming adversity and surviving for 74 years in the White dominated business world. This book provides as many details as possible about the Patterson family from their arrival in Greenfield during the early 1840s until 1939 when a series of multiple factors, including the Great Depression, caused the family to finally lock the factory doors and close their unique chapter in history. This book contains multiple photographs and other illustrations of the Patterson family, factory, and their products. This non-fiction history of the Pattersons is an adaptation of a Master's thesis and has been peer reviewed for content and accuracy. Initially written for an academic audience, the text is still readily understood by those of high school age and above. This book provides a never-before-seen glimpse into the lives of the Pattersons through conducting exhaustive research to discover those obscure gems of information that have remained hidden until now yet adds so much to the overall story of this family and company"--
For risk assessments, the average current residence time (time since moving into current residence) has often been used as a surrogate for the average total residence time (time between moving into and out of a residence). Since the distributions of the two quantities are not necessarily the same, neither are their averages. Housing surveys provide current residence time data; total residence times must, therefore, be inferred. By modeling the moving process, the total residence time distribution can be estimated from current residence time data. Using 1985 and 1987 U.S. housing survey data, distributions and averages for both current and total residence times were calculated for several housing categories. The average total residence time calculated for all U.S. households, 4.6 (se= 0.6) years, is less than half the average current residence time, 10.6 (se= 0.1) years.
Ths paper describes the distribution of dependence criteria and diagnoses in a sample of 14- to 24-year-olds from Munich, Germany (n = 3,021; 71% response rate), evaluates differences between nondependent and dependent smokers and examines associations of smoking with other substances, affective and anxiety disorders. Assessment was made using the M-CIDI. The lifetime prevalence of DSM-IV nicotine dependence in the total sample is 19%, rising to 52% among regular smokers. No gender differences were seen in the progression from regular smoking to nicotine dependence, although men were more likely than women to initiate regular use. Analysis of daily cigarette use identified a significant dose-response relationship with the number of endorsed DSM-IV dependence criteria with unsuccessful cut-backs being the most prevalent criterion. As compared to nondependent smokers, dependent smokers were more likely to associate negative health effects with smoking and to have a desire to change and attempt a change in their pattern of use. Regular use of nicotine was found to be significantly associated with other substance and nonsubstance disorders, although dependent regular use was more strongly associated with these disorders than nondependent regular use. These results indicate that daily smoking is a behavior which is resistant to change despite an expressed desire and repeated cut-back attempts. Although initiation of regular smoking among nonsmokers does not occur frequently after the early twenties, the risk for dependent smoking among regular users persists into adulthood and is associated with a range of mental disorders.
CHAPTER ONE: Background and Objectives -- CHAPTER TWO: Evaluation Criteria and Approach -- CHAPTER THREE: Case Studies -- CHAPTER FOUR: Organizational Model Development -- CHAPTER FIVE -- Assessment of Organizational System Models and Recommendations -- CHAPTER SIX: Pathways, Monitoring, and Evaluation -- CHAPTER SEVEN: Conclusion -- APPENDIXES: A. Models of Organizational Structure -- B. Case Study Selection.
Purpose This paper aims to investigate how the reparative efforts of extensive apologies, compensation and structural change affect trust after a violation has occurred. Specifically, this paper presents a cognitive process model positing that voluntary reparative efforts will shape the victim's stability attributions for the cause of the violation such that it will be deemed less stable (i.e. unlikely to recur); as a result, the victim is more likely to perceive the transgressor as being fair, and hence extend subsequent trust.
Design/methodology/approach Two experiments were conducted to test the cognitive process model.
Findings The results of both experiments supported this predicted sequence for extensive apologies. Support for the predicted sequence was also found when compensation and structural change are invoked as reparative efforts.
Originality/value This research has theoretical and practical implications for a more nuanced understanding of how causal attribution theory and organizational justice theory can be integrated within the context of trust repair.
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to identify the impact of analytical customer relationship management (CRM) on salesperson information use behavior.
Design/methodology/approach To achieve the aim of this paper, a vignette experiment was undertaken. The data used for the final analysis included 125 professional salespeople across multiple industries.
Findings This paper focuses on the personal use of competitive intelligence. The authors find that to maximize the effectiveness of using competitive intelligence, the salesperson must become adept at both choosing the correct pa`rtners to trust and properly valuing information. Properly valuing information can be accomplished through the use of analytical CRM.
Practical implications The managerial implications of this paper are straightforward yet important. CRM providers have improved the tools available to salespeople (e.g., heat maps) and have partnered with other large scale providers of customer and market information (e.g., global marketing research firms) to provide a analytical tool that is user friendly to salespeople. Yet, many firms still use simplified CRM platforms, which do little more for the salesperson than offer an opportunity to document notes. Sales firms should move toward this analytical CRM system because it improves the salesperson's ability to value information and increases the salesperson's ability to use intelligence to link products to buyer needs.
Originality/value This paper contributes to theory through confirming the importance of analytical CRM on salesperson's information use behavior by using a motivation, opportunity and ability framework. Additionally, a methodological contribution was made through the development of an information value scale.
This article documents barriers to access by wheelchair in a sample of privately owned, public use settings in a large midwestern city and describes efforts to prompt voluntary removal of barriers in these settings. Approximately 2,000 public use settings (e.g., hotels, restaurants, theaters) were surveyed to identify barriers to access by persons with disabilities. A sample of 420 at least partially accessible settings was selected to evaluate the effects of different intervention strategies in promoting barrier removal. Seven different intervention packages designed to encourage managers to call or write for free technical assistance in making their settings more accessible were evaluated. The intervention packages did not differ significantly in their effectiveness in prompting managers to request assistance. Phone calls to managers who did not receive intervention packages suggested that calls alone were as effective as the intervention packages in prompting managers to request assistance.
