Twenty-First-Century Trade Agreements and the Owl of Minerva
In: Annual Review of Resource Economics, Band 10, Heft 1, S. 161-183
9 Ergebnisse
Sortierung:
In: Annual Review of Resource Economics, Band 10, Heft 1, S. 161-183
SSRN
In: CEPR Discussion Paper No. DP12620
SSRN
Working paper
In: European Journal of Political Economy, Band 22, Heft 3, S. 545-553
In: World development: the multi-disciplinary international journal devoted to the study and promotion of world development, Band 39, Heft 3, S. 324-335
ISSN: 0305-750X
World Affairs Online
In: World development: the multi-disciplinary international journal devoted to the study and promotion of world development, Band 39, Heft 3, S. 324-335
In: Journal of policy modeling: JPMOD ; a social science forum of world issues, Band 32, Heft 2, S. 286-301
ISSN: 0161-8938
In: Journal of policy modeling: JPMOD ; a social science forum of world issues, Band 32, Heft 2, S. 231-254
ISSN: 0161-8938
The majority of African countries implemented import liberalisation in the 1990s. This paper explores factors that may explain the pattern of protection and of tariff reform. We consider political economy explanations, motivated specifically by the Grossman and Helpman (1994) model of protection in response to industry lobbies, and the possibility that reforms are technocratic. Using industry-level data for a sample of six African countries, we find limited evidence that political economy factors have influenced the pattern of tariffs or tariff reductions since the early 1990s. One result does appear frequently: relative sector size (measured by the number of employees or establishments) appears to be associated with the relative level of protection. We then explore various descriptive statistics for tariff changes in seven African countries. The analysis suggests that the pattern of tariff reductions was essentially technocratic in structure - across the board reduction in average tariffs and in the dispersion of rates, with larger proportional reductions for higher tariffs - consistent with policy reforms being guided by the World Bank. While political economy factors may have influenced the initial pattern of protection, the technocratic reforms since the early 1990s have diluted political economy influences on average and relative protection.
BASE
In Crop Chemophobia, Jon Entine and his coauthors examine the 'precautionary principle' that underlies the EU's decision and explore the ban's potential consequences-including environmental degradation, decreased food safety, impaired disease-control efforts, and a hungrier world.