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This study analyzes the effect of all-day (AD) primary school programs on maternal labor supply. To account for AD school selectivity and selection into AD primary school programs I estimate bivariate probit models. To identify these models I exploit variation in the allocation of investments to AD primary schools across time and counties. This variation results from the public investment program "Future Education and Care" (IZBB) which was introduced by the German federal government in 2003. My results indicate for mothers with primary school-aged children in Germany (excluding Bavaria) a significantly positive effect of AD primary school programs on labor supply at the extensive margin. On average, mothers who make use of AD primary school programs are 26 ppts more likely to be employed than mothers who do not make use of these programs. This large effect is robust to alternative specifications and estimation methods and mainly concentrated in states with AD primary school student shares of up to 20%. On the contrary, there is no evidence for an impact of these programs on maternal labor supply at the intensive margin (full-time vs. part-time).

This study analyzes the effect of all-day (AD) primary school programs on maternal labor supply. To account for AD school selectivity and selection into AD primary school programs I estimate bivariate probit models. To identify these models I exploit variation in the allocation of investments to AD primary schools across time and counties. This variation results from the public investment program "Future Education and Care" (IZBB) which was introduced by the German federal government in 2003. My results indicate for mothers with primary school-aged children in Germany (excluding Bavaria) a significantly positive effect of AD primary school programs on labor supply at the extensive margin. On average, mothers who make use of AD primary school programs are 26 ppts more likely to be employed than mothers who do not make use of these programs. This large effect is robust to alternative specifications and estimation methods and mainly concentrated in states with AD primary school student shares of up to 20%. On the contrary, there is no evidence for an impact of these programs on maternal labor supply at the intensive margin (full-time vs. part-time).

"Der Anteil von Grundschulkindern, die ganztägig zur Schule gehen, ist in den letzten Jahren stark gestiegen. Maßgeblich dazu beigetragen hat das Investitionsprogramm 'Zukunft Bildung und Betreuung' (IZBB), mit dem der Bund die Länder seit 2003 beim Ausbau der Ganztagsschule unterstützt. Doch welche Kinder nutzen Ganztagsschulen? Welche sozioökonomischen Merkmale haben ihre Familien? Setzt sich die Schülerschaft in Ganztagsschulen seit ihrem Ausbau anders zusammen als zuvor?; Auf Grundlage von Daten der Längsschnittstudien Sozio-oekonomisches Panel (SOEP) und 'Familien in Deutschland' (FiD) zeigt sich für Grundschüler: Vor allem Kinder von in Vollzeit erwerbstätigen Müttern und von Alleinerziehenden gehen verstärkt in Ganztagsschulen - sowohl in Ost- als auch in Westdeutschland. Ferner sind in Westdeutschland Kinder mit Migrationshintergrund und Kinder aus Transferempfängerhaushalten häufiger in einer Ganztagsschule - in Ostdeutschland ist dies nicht der Fall. Mit dem Ausbau der Ganztagsschule besuchen zudem auch Kinder aus einkommensschwachen Haushalten in Westdeutschland verstärkt Ganztagsschulen: Ihr Anteil ist seit dem Start des Investitionsprogramms von knapp 18 auf fast 27 Prozent gestiegen." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)