Suchergebnisse

Este artigo analisa dois problemas de defasagem temporal relacionados ao deflacionamento dos salarios nominais. Primeiro, propoe a utilizacao de informacao disponivel sobre periodos de pagamentos para aproximar as datas de recebimento dos salarios, segundo, avalia a magnitude da perda causada pela inflacao durante o intervalo de tempo entre o pagamento e o gasto dos salarios. Toda a analise empirica e feita com base em dados de pesquisas domiciliares nas principais regioes metropolitanas brasileiras. (Pesqui Planej Econ/DÜI)

This paper analyses the relationship between growth patterns, poverty, and inequality in Brazil during its globalization process, focusing on the role played by the labour market and social programmes. Methodologically, the paper makes two contributions to the literature. One is the proposal of a new measure of pro-poor growth, which links growth rates in mean income and in income inequality. The other contribution is a decomposition methodology that explores linkages between three dimensions: growth patterns, labour market performances, and social policies. The proposed methodologies are then applied to the Brazilian National Household Survey covering the period 1995-2004.

RESUMO Este artigo avalia a efetividade da política de salário mínimo em vários segmentos do mercado de trabalho brasileiro. Nossa técnica básica é quantificar as soluções de canto impostas pelo salário mínimo. Esses pontos são posteriormente utilizados como um mecanismo de focalização na simulação dos limites superiores dos efeitos do salário mínimo nas medidas de pobreza. Destacamos a importância de dois efeitos incomuns do salário mínimo: i) A alta porcentagem de funcionários informais que recebem exatamente um salário mínimo, isso aumenta os efeitos do mínimo sobre a pobreza; e ii) o uso do salário mínimo como numerário na determinação de salários, em particular no setor formal.

This paper evaluates the effectiveness of the minimum wage policy in various segments of Brazilian labor markets. The basic technique is to quantify corner solutions imposed by the minimum wage. These points are later used as a focalization mechanism in the simulation of upper bounds of the effects of the minimum wage on poverty measures. The authors highlight the importance of two unusual effects of the minimum wage: the high percentage of informal employees receiving exactly one minimum wage, thus enhancing the effects of the minimum wage on poverty, and the use of the minimum wage as a numeraire in wage determination, in particular within the formal sector. (Rev Econ Polit/DÜI)

This paper assesses causes and consequences of fiscal redistribution in Brazil. The framework proposed allows evaluating in an integrated manner the impacts of government-sponsored actions in inequality and mean income changes on social welfare, addressing both static and dynamic implications. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first microsimulation attempt to gauge actual fiscal policy redistribution changes over time in Brazil. The study develops an empirical methodology that allows consistent comparisons among the years 1995, 2003, 2009, and 2015. We focus on disposable income changes between 2003 and 2015. In this period, the Gini index-based social welfare grew 4.86 per cent per year; that is, higher than the growth rates associated with both initial income (4.36 per cent) and final income (4.47 per cent), but not with gross income (4.91 per cent). The results suggest that official cash transfers accelerated the growth of social welfare while direct and indirect tax changes operated in the opposite direction. The model outcomes allow assessing the role played by specific fiscal instruments among various taxes and cash transfer programmes. The family grant programme was the best-targeted action in the 2003-15 period. Its contribution to the rise of social welfare is 2.7 times the contribution to the rise of mean income. If one compares family grant poverty impacts with the second best targeted cash transfer programme, each monetary unit spent generated a 119.73 per cent higher impact.