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AbstractPerceptual processes differ from cognitive, this paper argues, in functioning to be causally controlled by proximal stimuli, and being modular, at least in a modest sense that excludes their being isotropic in Jerry Fodor's sense. This claim agrees with such theorists as Jacob Beck and Ben Phillips that a function of stimulus-control is needed for perceptual status. In support of this necessity claim, I argue, inter alia, that E.J. Green's recent architectural account misclassifies processes deploying knowledge of grammar as perceptual. Pace Beck and Phillips, however, I argue a function of stimulus-control is insufficient for perceptual as opposed to cognitive status. One consideration in favour of such insufficiency, noted but (I argue) not convincingly rebutted by these theorists, concerns perpetually grounded demonstrative thought. Two other considerations trade on the fact that a function of stimulus-control can arise not from blind nature but intentional design or social institutions, where so-functioning processes may but need not be perceptual. I offer two cases where such processes are cognitive, viz. skilful play-by-play announcing of ongoing events, and voluntary visualizing of ongoing events under the guidance of apt play-by-play announcements, dubbed announcement-driven visualizing (ADV). The cognitive status of these three diverse phenomena cannot be explained by an absence of a perception-like representational format or content (for ADV has such) or by a presence of personal-level mental states causally mediating between stimuli and outputs (for perception has such). A bettter explanation invokes, I argue, the non-modular character of the generating process.

Eine der größten Gefahren im Kalten Krieg bildeten Krisen, die zu einer Eskalation und damit zu einem umfassenden Atomkrieg führen konnten. West-Berlin bildete dabei einen besonders neuralgischen Punkt, weil Stadt sehr exponiert war, gleichzeitig aber ein unverzichtbares Symbol westlicher Standhaftigkeit darstellte. Um zu verhindern, dass die Zugänge der Stadt von der Sowjetunion abgeschnürt wurden, schufen Amerikaner, Briten und Franzosen LIVE OAK, eine Organisation, die ggf. Truppen in die Korridore schicken und deren Freigabe erreichen sollte. LIVE OAK ist ein Musterbeispiel für westliches Krisenmanagem 544 im unteren Eskalationsbereich und dient bis heute für entsprechende Fähigkeiten der NATO. Die Geschichte der militärischen Geheimorganisation zum Schutz Berlins 1959-1990

The military installation is a defense building that is specifically established,strengthened and closed, serves to protect an area or army from enemy attacks. Thepurpose of this paper is to find out the shape and function of military installations in the cityof Palembang. This research method consists of the stages of data collection and specialanalysis using a spatial approach. The results of this study indicate that militaryinstallations in the city of Palembang have several forms, namely irregular shapes, U,rectangular, rectangular and circular / circular shapes. The function of the militaryinstallation is to maintain the oil mining area in the city of Palembang and as a base ofdefense and a place to spy on the enemy.

The military installation is a defense building that is specifically established,strengthened and closed, serves to protect an area or army from enemy attacks. Thepurpose of this paper is to find out the shape and function of military installations in the cityof Palembang. This research method consists of the stages of data collection and specialanalysis using a spatial approach. The results of this study indicate that militaryinstallations in the city of Palembang have several forms, namely irregular shapes, U,rectangular, rectangular and circular / circular shapes. The function of the militaryinstallation is to maintain the oil mining area in the city of Palembang and as a base ofdefense and a place to spy on the enemy.

AbstractThis note analyses a peculiar feature of the ESM, namely the lack of an acceptable set of standards for the fundamental democratic principle of transparency. Moving from the particular nature of this mechanism, we will highlight the most critical concerns connected to secrecy, confidentiality and inviolability of documents, looking not only at the ESM Treaty but also at relevant documents approved by its bodies (in particular the Code of Conduct and the By-Laws).

Purpose
– What characterizes the relationships with intermediaries that are soon to be replaced, and are the replacements successful? The paper aims to discuss these issues.


Design/methodology/approach
– The study applies a longitudinal design. The paper conducted a survey among a sample of exporters concerning their relationships with independent intermediaries in terms of trust, commitment, communication, control and two performance variables; financial performance and strategic goal achievement. Five years thereafter the author contacted the same companies again and questioned which independent intermediaries had been replaced in the period. The author then compared the replaced intermediaries with the extended intermediaries before they were replaced and analysed changes in the evaluations of the relationships and of the performance after the replacement.


Findings
– The relationships with terminated intermediaries that were replaced by sales subsidiary or home-based direct sales were characterized having higher trust, communication and control than extended relationships before replacement. While it may be surprising that these quite successful relationships were terminated, this is in line with internationalization process theories. The replacements, both intermediaries that were replaced by other intermediaries and by sales subsidiary/home-based direct sales, were highly successful in terms of improvement in performance and behavioural relationship variables.


Research limitations/implications
– The empirical findings are limited by the sample and by data collection from the principal only in the dyadic relations.


Practical implications
– International independent intermediaries should analyse the likelihood of being replaced by the principal because the relationship or the performance is unsatisfactory, but also because of satisfactory evaluations. Terminations of satisfactory relationships tend to be accompanied by change in operation mode to internal organization. The independent intermediary should in such cases build a defence structure against unwanted termination and/or prepare for buyout. The success of the replacements suggests that international marketers benefit from being proactive in replacing intermediaries with new intermediaries or with a hierarchal entry mode.


Originality/value
– This is the first study that applies most of these variables from interorganizational relations theory in the study of international independent intermediary replacements. It is also the first to give insight into the consequences of intermediary terminations.