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Recent prevalence estimates indicate that in 2015 almost half a billion people—about 6.8% of the world's population—had disabling hearing loss and that prevalence numbers will further increase. The World Health Organization (WHO) currently estimates that at least 34 million children under the age of 15 have disabling hearing loss. Based on a 2012 WHO report, approximately 7.5 million of these children were under the age of 5 years. This review article focuses on the importance of high-quality newborn and infant hearing screening (NIHS) programs as one strategy to ameliorate disabling hearing loss as a global health problem. Two WHO resolutions regarding the prevention of deafness and hearing loss have been adopted urging member states to implement screening programs for early identification of ear diseases and hearing loss in babies and young children. The effectiveness of these programs depends on factors such as governmental mandates and guidance; presence of a national committee with involvement of professionals, industries, and stakeholders; central oversight of hearing screening; clear definition of target parameters; presence of tracking systems with bi-directional data transfer from screening devices to screening centers; accessibility of pediatric audiological services and rehabilitation programs; using telemedicine where connectivity is available; and the opportunity for case discussions in professional excellence circles with boards of experts. There is a lack of such programs in middle- and low-income countries, but even in high-income countries there is potential for improvement. Facing the still growing burden of disabling hearing loss around the world, there is a need to invest in national, high-quality NIHS programs.

Recent prevalence estimates indicate that in 2015 almost half a billion people—about 6.8% of the world's population—had disabling hearing loss and that prevalence numbers will further increase. The World Health Organization (WHO) currently estimates that at least 34 million children under the age of 15 have disabling hearing loss. Based on a 2012 WHO report, approximately 7.5 million of these children were under the age of 5 years. This review article focuses on the importance of high-quality newborn and infant hearing screening (NIHS) programs as one strategy to ameliorate disabling hearing loss as a global health problem. Two WHO resolutions regarding the prevention of deafness and hearing loss have been adopted urging member states to implement screening programs for early identification of ear diseases and hearing loss in babies and young children. The effectiveness of these programs depends on factors such as governmental mandates and guidance; presence of a national committee with involvement of professionals, industries, and stakeholders; central oversight of hearing screening; clear definition of target parameters; presence of tracking systems with bi-directional data transfer from screening devices to screening centers; accessibility of pediatric audiological services and rehabilitation programs; using telemedicine where connectivity is available; and the opportunity for case discussions in professional excellence circles with boards of experts. There is a lack of such programs in middle- and low-income countries, but even in high-income countries there is potential for improvement. Facing the still growing burden of disabling hearing loss around the world, there is a need to invest in national, high-quality NIHS programs.

AbstractIn this article, we present a multiplex real-time PCR method for a simultaneous, sensitive and specific detection and semi-quantitative estimation of the allergenic species peanut, hazelnut, walnut and cashew in food. Due to the use of multicopy target sequences, a very sensitive detection of the allergenic ingredients was possible. The method was validated in-house as well as by a collaborative trial with 12 laboratories. Within the ring trial, 0.64 mg/kg (i.e. approx. 0.1–0.2 mg of peanut and tree nut-derived protein/kg) could still be detected in a processed cookie matrix, confirmed by results of incurred, processed samples spiked at very low levels between 0.9 and 50 mg/kg of the corresponding allergenic ingredient (peanut, tree nut). In addition, the method revealed good precision data. With regard to quantitative analysis though, insufficient recovery data (bias) were determined in some cases, resulting in measurement uncertainties of more than 50%.

Recent prevalence estimates indicate that in 2015 almost half a billion people - about 6.8% of the world's population - had disabling hearing loss and that prevalence numbers will further increase. The World Health Organization (WHO) currently estimates that at least 34 million children under the age of 15 have disabling hearing loss. Based on a 2012 WHO report, approximately 7.5 million of these children were under the age of 5 years. This review article focuses on the importance of high-quality newborn and infant hearing screening (NIHS) programs as one strategy to ameliorate disabling hearing loss as a global health problem. Two WHO resolutions regarding the prevention of deafness and hearing loss have been adopted urging member states to implement screening programs for early identification of ear diseases and hearing loss in babies and young children. The effectiveness of these programs depends on factors such as governmental mandates and guidance; presence of a national committee with involvement of professionals, industries, and stakeholders; central oversight of hearing screening; clear definition of target parameters; presence of tracking systems with bi-directional data transfer from screening devices to screening centers; accessibility of pediatric audiological services and rehabilitation programs; using telemedicine where connectivity is available; and the opportunity for case discussions in professional excellence circles with boards of experts. There is a lack of such programs in middle- and low-income countries, but even in high-income countries there is potential for improvement. Facing the still growing burden of disabling hearing loss around the world, there is a need to invest in national, high-quality NIHS programs.

© 2021 The Authors. ; The third edition of Flow Cytometry Guidelines provides the key aspects to consider when performing flow cytometry experiments and includes comprehensive sections describing phenotypes and functional assays of all major human and murine immune cell subsets. Notably, the Guidelines contain helpful tables highlighting phenotypes and key differences between human and murine cells. Another useful feature of this edition is the flow cytometry analysis of clinical samples with examples of flow cytometry applications in the context of autoimmune diseases, cancers as well as acute and chronic infectious diseases. Furthermore, there are sections detailing tips, tricks and pitfalls to avoid. All sections are written and peer-reviewed by leading flow cytometry experts and immunologists, making this edition an essential and state-of-the-art handbook for basic and clinical researchers. ; Hyun-Dong Chang is supported by the Dr. Rolf M. Schwiete Foundation. Susanne Melzer and Attila Tarnok thank De Novo Software for providing FCS Express. Enrico Lugli is supported by a grant from the Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro (AIRC IG20676). Gabriele De Simone and Giovanni Galletti were supported by Fellowships from the Fondazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro-Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro (FIRC-AIRC). Jun Dong is supported by Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschft (DFG, German Research Foundation) Projektnummer 389687267 and Chinesisch-Deutsches Zentrum für Wissenschaftsförderung [Sino-German Center for Research Promotion (SGC)] grant C-0072. Nicola Gagliani, Samuel Huber and Franziska Muscate are supported by DFG fundings: SFB841,GA 2441/3-1, HU 1714/10-1. The tetramer APC-conjugated H-2K (d) HIV-1 gag197-205 AMQMLKETI used in TDS assay for mouse blood T cells was obtained through the NIH Tetramer Facility. Larissa Nogueira Almeida was supported by DFG research grant MA 2273/14-1. Supported by the following grants: AIRC 5X1000 2018 id. 21147 (Lorenzo Moretta); AIRC IG 2017 id. 19920 (Lorenzo Moretta); RC-2020 OPBG (Lorenzo Moretta); AIRC and European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement No 800924 (Linda Quatrini). Dirk Baumjohann was supported by Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) under Emmy Noether Programme BA 5132/1-2 (252623821) and Germany's Excellence Strategy EXC2151 (390873048).