Suchergebnisse

Discusses chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS), which is a "contested disease", that is, it is not recognized by the medical profession as a legitimate illness and, consequently, people suffering from the illness are not eligible for support/aid. Explores what this non‐recognition means and the impact it has on both the sufferers and their families. Refers to repetitive strain injury and Alzheimer's disease – neither of which were recognized by medical professionals until recent times – as examples of illnesses that have gained medical legitimacy. Reports that sufferers of CFS, who did not receive an adequate medical diagnosis, were under pressure to become active again, whereas sufferers who received a diagnosis of persistent fatigue gained a lot more support from family and friends. Investigates also the strains involved in coping with a family member with an illness such as Alzheimer's disease or CFS – as ever economic resources figure prominently. Raises the issue of management of illness in modern society. Recommends that, as health care is pushed ever more onto families and the community, so they should be the recipients of financial support.

Evaluation of an aggressor and a victim of aggression was obtained in two separate studies in both of which a small paragraph describing an instance of aggression and its consequence was read by subjects who were college students in Bombay. In the first study, which had a 2 (sex of subject) X 2 (age of aggressor) X 2 (age of victim) X 2 (retaliation versus nonretaliation by victim) factorial design, with 21 subjects per cell, the victim was rated on intelligence, morality, adjustment, and likeability. The second study had exactly the same design and procedure except that it was the aggressor, instead of the victim, that was rated by the subjects, 20 per cell. The nonretaliating victim was evaluated more positively than the retaliating victim and the aggressor received a more negative evaluation, in some conditions, with the nonretaliating rather than retaliating victim. The younger victim was evaluated more negatively with the older rather than younger aggressor and the younger aggressor received a more negative evaluation with the older rather than younger retaliating victim. The results apparently reflect the norms regarding aggression and age in a specific culture and suggest the acceptability of nonretaliation or nonviolence as a powerful moral weapon.

The Lancet Countdown: tracking progress on health and climate change is an international, multidisciplinary research collaboration between academic institutions and practitioners across the world. It follows on from the work of the 2015 Lancet Commission, which concluded that the response to climate change could be "the greatest global health opportunity of the 21st century". The Lancet Countdown aims to track the health impacts of climate hazards; health resilience and adaptation; health co-benefits of climate change mitigation; economics and finance; and political and broader engagement. These focus areas form the five thematic working groups of the Lancet Countdown and represent different aspects of the complex association between health and climate change. These thematic groups will provide indicators for a global overview of health and climate change; national case studies highlighting countries leading the way or going against the trend; and engagement with a range of stakeholders. The Lancet Countdown ultimately aims to report annually on a series of indicators across these five working groups. This paper outlines the potential indicators and indicator domains to be tracked by the collaboration, with suggestions on the methodologies and datasets available to achieve this end. The proposed indicator domains require further refinement, and mark the beginning of an ongoing consultation process—from November, 2016 to early 2017—to develop these domains, identify key areas not currently covered, and change indicators where necessary. This collaboration will actively seek to engage with existing monitoring processes, such as the UN Sustainable Development Goals and WHO's climate and health country profiles. The indicators will also evolve over time through ongoing collaboration with experts and a range of stakeholders, and be dependent on the emergence of new evidence and knowledge. During the course of its work, the Lancet Countdown will adopt a collaborative and iterative process, which aims to complement existing initiatives, welcome engagement with new partners, and be open to developing new research projects on health and climate change.

The Lancet Countdown tracks progress on health and climate change and provides an independent assessment of the health effects of climate change, the implementation of the Paris Agreement,1 and the health implications of these actions. It follows on from the work of the 2015 Lancet Commission on Health and Climate Change,2 which concluded that anthropogenic climate change threatens to undermine the past 50 years of gains in public health, and conversely, that a comprehensive response to climate change could be "the greatest global health opportunity of the 21st century". The Lancet Countdown is a collaboration between 24 academic institutions and intergovernmental organisations based in every continent and with representation from a wide range of disciplines. The collaboration includes climate scientists, ecologists, economists, engineers, experts in energy, food, and transport systems, geographers, mathematicians, social and political scientists, public health professionals, and doctors. It reports annual indicators across five sections: climate change impacts, exposures, and vulnerability; adaptation planning and resilience for health; mitigation actions and health co-benefits; economics and finance; and public and political engagement.

The Lancet Countdown is an international collaboration established to provide an independent, global monitoring system dedicated to tracking the emerging health profile of the changing climate. The 2020 report presents 43 indicators across five sections: climate change impacts, exposures, and vulnerabilities; adaptation, planning, and resilience for health; mitigation actions and health co-benefits; economics and finance; and public and political engagement. This report represents the findings and consensus of the 35 leading academic institutions and UN agencies that make up The Lancet Countdown, and draws on the expertise of climate scientists, geographers, engineers, experts in energy, food, and transport, economists, social, and political scientists, data scientists, public health professionals, and doctors.