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Cover -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- Detailed contents -- Part 1 Understanding crime and criminology -- 1 Understanding crime and criminology -- What is criminology? -- An interdisciplinary subject -- Defining criminology -- Understanding crime -- Crime and the criminal law -- Crime as a social construct -- Historical variation -- Criminology in Britain -- Further reading -- 2 Crime and punishment in history -- Introduction -- Emergence of a modern criminal justice system -- Policing -- The 'new police' -- Resistance and reform -- Into the twentieth century -- The victim and prosecution -- Formalisation of the prosecution process -- The courts -- Decline of the profit motive -- Punishment -- Capital punishment -- Transportation -- Imprisonment -- Probation -- Crime and violence in history -- Levels of crime -- Perceptions of crime -- Questions for further discussion -- Further reading -- Websites -- 3 Crime data and crime trends -- Introduction -- Measuring crime -- Official statistics -- England and Wales: Criminal Statistics -- United States: Uniform Crime Reports -- Assessing official statistics -- Impact of legislation -- Understanding 'attrition' -- Limitations of official statistics -- Victimisation surveys -- The Crime Survey for England and Wales -- Local crime surveys -- Other victimisation surveys -- Assessing victimisation surveys -- Comparing official statistics and victimisation surveys -- Crime trends -- Data on offenders -- Self-report studies -- Assessing the self-report method -- Questions for further discussion -- Further reading -- Websites -- 4 Crime and the media -- Introduction -- Academic study of the media -- Media representations of crime -- Newsworthiness -- The crime content in the media -- Violent crime in the news -- Are the media criminogenic? -- Media effects -- Media and fear of crime -- Moral panics

Cover -- Dealing with Disaffection Young people, mentoring and social inclusion -- Copyright -- Contents -- List of figures and tables -- Acknowledgements -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Youth disffection -- Introduction -- The meaning of disaffection -- Educational under-achievement -- Disruptive behaviour in schools -- Truancy -- Exclusion from school -- 'Not in education, employment or training' -- Conclusion -- 3. Youth transitions and the meaning of disaffection -- Youthful drug use -- Youth crime -- Changing transitions and disaffection -- Experiencing disaffection -- Conclusion

Abstract
This article responds to Stott et al.'s 'Patterns of disorder in the 2019 protests in Hong Kong'. In that paper, they offer a social psychological analysis of the Hong Kong events and, in so doing, draw upon the 'Elaborated Social Identity Model', and deploy it as the basis for understanding the escalating tensions and violence that occurred through 2019. This model has a number of positive features, not least that it foregrounds rationality and the organized and purposive nature of collective conduct while also paying careful attention to the wider context in which identity within large groups is formed and reformed. The aim in this article is simply to point to the importance of situating such an account within a wider historical sociology, in particular, considering the longer-term 'life-cycle' of riot and violent protest. Utilizing Sewell's notion of 'events', the article seeks to point to the ways in which such signal phenomena may be considered to have laid the foundations for at least elements of what occurred subsequently. Such an approach provides a basis within which the growth of Hong Kong's localism may be situated, as well as offering a longer-term context for understanding the rapidly shifting position occupied by Hong Kong's police.