Suchergebnisse

How can public enterprises be made more efficient? Where should the line between public and private production be drawn? What can countries do to minimize the losses sustained by public enterprises? What is the current perception of the role of the state in production in Southeast Asia, and particularly in ASEAN? What are the political, legal and administrative constraints pertaining to the divestment and/or marketization of public enterprises? Is the situation in Southeast Asia different from that in Europe? These are some of the questions this volume tackles

This work is the result of collaborative research between ASEAN and Japanese scholars. It consists of two parts. The first focuses on the experiences and technology development efforts in ASEAN by ASEAN researchers. The second focuses on Japanese researchers' perceptions on ASEAN needs and performances in technology development; and Japan's historical experience as a recipient of international technology transfer

This study is a collaborative effort between officials and researchers from the transitional economy of Vietnam and researchers from the market economies of Japan and ASEAN. The first section covers aspects of the reform process undertaken in Vietnam as perceived by Vietnamese officials and scholars, and includes rare data and statistics. Section two deals with relevant aspects of the process of deregulation, liberalization and privatization experienced in Japan and the ASEAN countries. The final section provides recommendations for consideration by Vietnam's economic reform planners. Vietnam became a member of ASEAN on 1 July 1995. This study can possibly contribute to Vietnam's integration into the ASEAN economies.Contributors include• Phan Van Tiem • Nguyen Van Thanh • Nguyen Ngoc Tuan • Ngo Tri Long • Ho Phuong • Nguyen Van Huy • Tran Van Nghia • Le Dang Doanh • Kiyoshi Nakamura • Faisal R. Harahap • Mukul G. Asher • Ian Thynne

This study is the result of collaborative research by ASEAN and Japanese scholars. By means of cross analyses, the study attempts to understand the problems faced by both Japan and the ASEAN countries with the aim of generating effective joint mechanisms that would facilitate the relocation of certain industries from Japan to the ASEAN countries

We present measurements of the magnetic torque, specific heat and thermal expansion of the bulk transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) superconductor NbS2 in high magnetic fields, with its layer structure aligned strictly parallel to the field using a piezo rotary positioner. The upper critical field of superconducting TMDs in the 2D form is known to be dramatically enhanced by a special form of Ising spin orbit coupling. This Ising superconductivity is very robust to the Pauli paramagnetic effect and can therefore exist beyond the Pauli limit for superconductivity. We find that superconductivity beyond the Pauli limit still exists in bulk single crystals of NbS2 for a precisely parallel field alignment. However, the comparison of our upper critical field transition line with numerical simulations rather points to the development of a Fulde-Ferrell-Larkin-Ovchinnikov state above the Pauli limit as a cause. This is also consistent with the observation of a magnetic field driven phase transition in the thermodynamic quantities within the superconducting state near the Pauli limit. © 2021, The Author(s). ; We thank U. Lampe for technical support. This work was supported by grants from the Research Grants Council of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China (GRF-16302018, GRF-16303820, C6025-19G-A, SBI17SC14). M.A.-H. acknowledges the financial support from the Swedish Research Council (VR) under the project no. 2018-05393 and by the Arab-German Young Academy of Sciences and Humanities (AGYA). M.A.-H and D.C. acknowledge the financial support by the Megagrant 2020-220-08-6358 of the Government Council on Grants of the Russian Federation.

Objective: To investigate gender differences in energy expenditure during walking with backpack and double-pack loads. Background: Studies have reported that energy expenditure during walking with double-pack loads is lower compared with backpack carriage. However, the effect of gender on energy expenditure while walking with these two load distribution systems has not been investigated. Method: Thirty healthy young adults (15 female and 15 male participants) walked on a treadmill with backpack and double-pack loads weighing 30% of their body weight at a speed of 0.89 m/s for 10 min. The energy expenditure in terms of oxygen consumption (VO2) and respiratory exchange ratio (RER) were continuously monitored using a portable gas analyzer throughout each walking exercise. A mixed-design analysis of variance model was adopted to test the effects of gender, pack, and time on VO2 and RER. Results: No time effect was observed on VO2. However, significant gender, pack, and interaction effects were observed. The lowest VO2 was found in female participants under double-pack carriage. No significant gender or pack differences existed in RER. However, RER significantly and incrementally increased in time from the 4th through 6th, 8th, and 10th min. Conclusion: This study revealed that heavy double-pack load carriage for healthy young female participants had significantly lower energy expenditure (normalized by the entire system weight, i.e., the participant's weight plus the weight of the pack) than that of the male participants in a 10-min walking exercise. Application: The findings of this study indicated that healthy young female participants carried a heavy double-pack with less energy cost (normalized by the entire system weight, i.e., the participant's weight plus the weight of the pack) compared with their male counterparts during a 10-min walking exercise.