Suchergebnisse

Is there an internal consistency between the experiences lived out by Simone Weil and her political thought ? In order to grasp her questioning of the conditions of the possibility of freedom, our search starts off with the critique which she wrote on the philosophical and political theories of Marx. It is therefore a matter of analysing the influence that Marx might have had on her, as well as studying the differences which her critique led her to present, and the philosophical principles of which she made use to this effect. One should secondly look at the very essence of the phenomenon of oppression, and hence gauge several perspectives on individual and social freedom, in the wake of what is proposed by this philosophy. Is there a consistency in the political line in which she wanted to place her social and political commitments in order to respond to this problem ? One should, thirdly, examine and get to know the path which led her to religious experience and what she said about supernatural knowledge as the essential component for leading a bearable social life. How do we conceive the relationship between both her religious and political experiences ? Does this approach constitute an opening with regards to her political critique ? ; Y-a-t-il une cohérence interne entre l'expérience vécue et la pensée politique chez Simone Weil ? Afin de ressaisir le questionnement de Simone Weil sur les conditions de possibilité de la liberté, notre recherche porte en premier lieu sur les critiques qu'elle a adressées aux théories philosophiques et politiques de Marx. Il s'agit donc tout autant d'analyser l'influence que Marx a pu avoir sur elle, que de prendre la mesure des écarts que sa critique l'a amenée à poser, et des principes philosophiques dont elle s'est servie à cet effet. Nous étudions, dans un deuxième temps, l'essence même du phénomène de l'oppression et à partir de là, nous dégageons quelques perspectives de la liberté individuelle et sociale, dans le sillage de ce que nous propose la philosophie. Y-a-t-il ...

Background : There were more than 170,000 documented DUs in Vietnam as of June 2012 and it was estimated that 80% of them are heroin injectors. Vietnam started its National MMT Program with a successful pilot project in 2008-2009 in Hai Phong and Ho Chi Minh City. In early 2010, the Vietnam Government approved a scale-up plan with the goal to provide MMT to 80,000 DUs by 2015. Approximately 10,000 DUs were receiving MMT in Vietnam in late 2012. Objective : (1) To describe perceived facilitators of and barriers to MMT enrollment among opioid IDUs in Hai Phong; (2) To characterize the opioid current IDU population in Hai Phong regarding characteristics and factors that may influence MMT enrollment; (3) To identify factors associated with MMT enrollment among opioid IDUs in Hai Phong. Methods : Study sites were 2 urban and 2 rural districts in Hai Phong, randomly selected from districts with operating MMT clinics. Qualitative study : In-depth interviews were conducted anonymously with 36 opioid IDUs (from 3 different groups). Cross-sectional survey : 600 current opioid IDUs were recruited via pharmacies and needle-and-syringe programs for anonymous ACASI interviews. Case-control study : Cases were 150 opioid IDUs who had registered for MMT, and controls were 446 current opioid IDUs who had never registered for MMT. For both cases and controls, data were collected anonymously by ACASI interviews. Results : From qualitative interviews , facilitators and barriers are presented in 3 levels: Structural, family and individual levels. Cross-sectional data on the following areas are presented: demographic and familial characteristics, drug use and cessation history, general health and HIV-related behaviors, MMT-related beliefs, attitude, social pressure and other factors that may influence MMT enrollment. Rural and urban participants were significantly different in many aspects. Based on case-control data , positive predictors and negative predictors of MMT registration are presented. Conclusion : Facilitators should be enhanced and barriers should be addressed by MMT program managers and policy makers in Vietnam. The cross-sectional data can be used for program planning and outreach purposes. The results on factors associated with MMT enrollment can be used to identify groups of IDUs who may need supports for MMT participation.

Overview of the Law on Corporate Social Responsibility -- The Law on Corporate Social Responsibility in the Labour Field -- The Law on Corporate Social Responsibility in the Environment Field -- The Law on Corporate Social Responsibility in the Business Integrity and Anti-Corruption Field -- The Law on Corporate Social Responsibility in the Consumer Protecting Field.

Hauptbeschreibung: Jeder kennt sie, jeder liebt sie: Zarah Leander, Heinz Rühmann oder Marika Rökk. Ihre Schlager werden noch heute gern gehört und gesungen, ihre Filme gelten als zeitlose Klassiker. Doch sie dienten nicht nur der reinen Unterhaltung. "Durch kluge und dauernde Anwendung von Propaganda (kann) einem Volke selbst der Himmel als Hölle vorgemacht werden", schrieb Adolf Hitler schon 1923 in "Mein Kampf". Joseph Goebbels ergänzte: "Film hat eine Aufgabe im Rahmen der nationalen Erziehung zu erfüllen". Die Bedeutung der Musik für die Wirkung eines Filmes formulierte der 'Film-Kurier', d

Distributed virtual environments (DVEs) are distributed systems that allow multiple geographically distributed clients (users) to interact simultaneously in a computer-generated, shared virtual world. Applications of DVEs can be seen in many areas nowadays, such as online games, military simulations, collaborative designs, etc. To support large-scale DVEs with real-time interactions among thousands or even more distributed clients, a geographically distributed server architecture (GDSA) is generally needed, and the virtual world can be partitioned into many distinct zones to distribute the load among the servers. Due to the geographic distributions of clients and servers in such architectures, it is essential to efficiently assign the participating clients to servers to enhance users' experience in interacting within the DVE. This problem is termed the client assignment problem (CAP) in this paper. We propose a two-phase approach, consisting of an initial assignment phase and a refined assignment phase to address the CAP. Both phases are shown to be NP-hard. Several heuristic assignment algorithms are then devised and evaluated via extensive simulations with realistic settings. We find that, even under heterogeneous environments like the Internet where accurate input data for the assignment algorithms are usually impractical to obtain, the proposed algorithms are still beneficial to the performances of DVE.

Distributed Virtual Environments (DVEs) are distributed systems that allow multiple geographically distributed clients (users) to interact simultaneously in a computer-generated, shared virtual world. Applications of DVEs can be seen in many areas nowadays, such as online games, military simulations, collaborative designs, etc. To support large-scale DVEs with real-time interactions among thousands or more distributed clients, a geographically distributed server architecture (GDSA) is generally needed, and the virtual world can be partitioned into many distinct zones to distribute the load among the servers. Due to the geographic distributions of clients and servers in such architectures, it is essential to efficiently assign the participating clients to servers to enhance users' experience in interacting within the DVE. This problem is termed the client assignment problem. In this paper, we propose a two-phase approach, consisting of an initial assignment phase and a refined assignment phase to address this problem. Both phases are shown to be NP-hard, and several heuristic assignment algorithms are then devised based on this two-phase approach. Via extensive simulation studies with realistic settings, we evaluate these algorithms in terms of their performances in enhancing interactivity of the DVE.

This article examines the Communist Party of China's (CPC) policies toward agriculture from an institutional perspective. Mao Zedong viewed the peasantry as allies of the CPC, and in order to socialise rural areas, he ordered massive collectivisation, attempting to manage the countryside and peasants with people's communes and production brigades. Deng Xiaoping and Jiang Zemin responded to the dysfunction that followed with reforms and opening up, including the abolition of collectives and people's communes, liberalising agriculture, and promoting incentives for labour. This led to its own complications, and efforts later by Hu Jintao and Xi Jinping have been directed towards resolving the 'three rural issues' – of agriculture, rural areas, and farmers – in order to achieve a 'moderately prosperous society' and the 'great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation'. This article argues that while there is an emphasis on innovative policies and approaches, there is a lack of structural reforms owing to the CPC's wish to remain in control of rural areas and peasant life.

On 4 August 2015, after three years and several rounds of negotiation, the European Union –Vietnam Free Trade Agreement officially established principles for the basic content of the Agreement. This study aims to analyse impact of Vietnam-EU FTA on bilateral trade of Vietnam. By using a gravity model and a panel data analysis, we show that the reduction of tariffs in the framework of the FTA will have a positive impact on bilateral trade between Vietnam and the EU. In addition, Vietnam-EU FTA will offer many new opportunities but it also challenges for Vietnam. Based on these analyses, this paper proposes some recommendations for Vietnam to benefit more the Vietnam-EU FTA.

Purpose: The study aimed to determine the influence of factors on job satisfaction and the relationship between satisfaction, organizational culture, and the organizational commitment of lecturers at universities in Ho Chi Minh City. Design/Methodology/Approach: This was a quantitative study in which the authors compile theories, analyze and synthesize scales for research concepts, and propose research models. The online survey collected 532 answer sheets from professors and lecturers from universities in Ho Chi Minh City, of which 525 were valid and included in SmartPLS 3 to evaluate the validity and reliability of the scale and to analyze the relationship among the concepts in the suggested model. Findings: The results show that several factors significantly impact employee satisfaction in the field of education, such as job promotion, leadership or supervision, working environment, income, and the job itself. In addition, both satisfaction and organizational culture impact organizational commitment. The study's findings have implications for educational institutions, lecturers, policymakers, researchers, and funding agencies. They highlight the importance of factors like leadership development and organizational culture in enhancing job satisfaction and commitment among lecturers, offering valuable insights for improving the educational environment in Ho Chi Minh City and beyond. Originality: The results aligned with previous studies presented in the literature section. However, this study revealed some specific characteristics of lecturers in universities in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, where lecturers focused on personal development but were committed to the organization via job satisfaction and culture. Doi: 10.28991/ESJ-2023-SIED2-021 Full Text: PDF