Suchergebnisse

The information we receive from the urban landscape is triggered and defined by the sense of sight, in other words by visual sensations. Colour is a fundamental component of the visual sensations: it allows us to identify objects with the contrasts that defines the form and it helps to structure the urban environment. As an attribute of the urban morphology, colour informs us about the status and history of a place, through relations of integration, dominance, fragmentation, homogeneity or heterogeneity that can be observed between its built components. Moreover, additionally to functional roles, colour can promote heritage values through a collective identity and besides marking our eyesight out with signals, colour makes sense in our visual environment, through a semantic function. Public authorities are aware of the impact of colour as a factor that can influence the image and attractiveness of cities, and in many European countries the principles of territorial governance seek the valorization of specific and local colour palettes which are considered to belong to the cultural heritage of the city or the region. In this regulatory perspective, several municipalities in Europe use chromatic charts as guidance tools in order to preserve the dominant local tones. The main purpose in a colour regulation is most of the time to harmonize buildings in a territorial area. This need for harmonization, standardization, which is equivalent to morphological consistency for many, is often considered to be essential for maintaining the urban townscape character. Thus in China, the concept of "urban colour" is becoming increasingly important in the field of planning to make an elegant urban environment. In the context of rapid economic growth of the country, many Chinese cities, mostly located in the eastern part of the country, conduct research and implement specific tools such as urban colour plans. These tools allow to continue the urban colour context, in a way of historical heritage based on the dominant colour, essentially to control and guide the development of new construction zones. The aim of this paper is to highlight the main similarities and differences between the European and the Asian politics concerning the management of the urban colour: although they developed on the same theorical base (specifically the "Geography of Colour" founded by Lenclos), they diverge from the point of view of purpose. The European approach is focused on the preservation and maintenance of the morphological specificities of urban tissues in terms of local colours, while in China, where built heritage tends to disappear in the urban regeneration under the real estate pressure, tools for the colour management are used mostly for the construction of new cities in order to keep the spatial coherence. The paper is illustrated with several European and Asian examples of concrete cases from both scientific and professional publications. ; Peer reviewed

La collection Open-A, éditée par le GAR asbl et la faculté d'architecture de l'Université de Liège, présente comme ambition majeure d'explorer le potentiel de réinterprétation lié à l'histoire et à la théorie en architecture. En d'autres termes, Open-A vise à parcourir les récits des époques antérieures, de construire de nouvelles associations, de faire émerger de nouveaux concepts, par le biais d'une relecture du passé en vue d'une description de l'état présent de l'architecture. Le premier tome de la collection, intitulé « Open Architecture », débute par la traduction d'une interview de Go Hasegawa, Kersten Geers et David Van Severen, architectes de la jeune garde qui empruntent des nouvelles directions en termes de pratique par l'adoption dans leurs travaux d'influences puisées dans l'histoire, histoire qu'ils embrassent dans toute son étendue, posant ainsi les bases d'une approche de l'architecture que nous avons nommée « coexistentielle » qui se caractérise par l'omniprésence et la manipulation du passé dans le discours contemporain. Ce premier volume est en outre né à partir d'un cycle de conférences qui s'est étalé sur deux années, de 2017 à 2019, et qui regroupe des interventions de théoriciens, historiens et chercheurs de renom dans les domaines de l'histoire et de la théorie en architecture : Jacques Lucan, Dominique Rouillard, Roberto Gargiani, Catherine Blain, Dirk van den Heuvel et Véronique Patteuw. Ces conférences s'ancrent dans la période des années 1960 qui constitue une transition du modernisme au postmodernisme, à savoir une époque optimiste, politiquement engagée, florissante en imaginaires et en récits visuels, radicale dans sa pensée et dans la révolution qu'elle prônait. La volonté de revisiter cette période phare, de redécouvrir son héritage qui continue en outre à influencer le débat actuel, a indubitablement orienté la liste des conférenciers réunis dans ce premier tome. Aussi, de leurs interventions, à travers leur mise en parallèle, émerge le thème de la « forme ouverte » intrinsèquement liée à la notion d'« indétermination », deux enjeux qui s'opposent à l'unité formelle et à la composition déterministe promue par la doctrine héritée du modernisme. ; Peer reviewed

The TH dairy farm raises 44 000 cows of which 22 000 cows are in la ctation in June 2015. This is the biggest dairy farm of this kind in Asia. It produces around 500 tons of milk per day. It is composed of several mega-farms with very high animal concentration integrated to one single dairy processing plant. This report describes the organization of the TH group based on a review of existing data available on in ternet as well as on a field visit conducted on July 2 nd , 2015 on the site in the Nghệ An Province. Some questions on its sustainability are discussed: (i) land access for feed cultivation and the social equity of the project; (ii) management of animal effluents and the risks of pollution of the environment; (iii) cost of production of milk and the long term economic profitability of the farm.