THIS ESSAY DESCRIBES GENERAL EQUILIBRIUM COMPUTATIONAL TECHNIQUES FOR ANALYZING MODELS OF WORLD TRADE IN WHICH BILATERAL QUOTA RESTRICTIONS ARE IMPOSED ON SALES BY SPECIFIED SELLERS TO SPECIFIED BUYERS. THE USE OF THESE TECHNIQUES IS MOTIVATED BY THE NEED TO ANALYZE VOLUNTARY RESTRAINT AND OTHER FACTORS THAT RESTRICT A SIZEABLE FRACTION OF WORLD TRADE. THE BILATERALISM IN SUCH ARRANGEMENTS GENERATES THE ADDED EFFICIENCY COST THAT BUYERS WILL TYPICALLY NOT PURCHASE FROM THEIR LEAST-COST SOURCE OF SUPPLY. FROM A COMPUTATIONAL POINT OF VIEW, THE PRESENCE OF BILATERAL QUOTAS INCREASES THE DIMENSIONALITY OF THE EQUILIBRIUM FIXED-POINT PROBLEM BY A FACTOR EQUAL TO THE NUMBER OF TRADING COUNTRIES AND COMMODITIES FOR WHICH QUOTA RESTRICTIONS APPLY. BILATERAL QUOTAS ARE FIRST ANALYZED IN PURE EXCHANGE ECONOMY FOR WHICH THE GALE-NIKAIDO MAPPING MUST BE MODIFIED FOR EXISTENCE AND COMPUTATION OF EQUILIBRIUM. THIS IS FOLLOWED BY A DISCUSSION OF THE EXTENSIONS NEEDED TO INCORPORATE PRODUCTION. AN APPLICATION OF THE COMPUTATIONAL TECHNIQUES TO THE ANALYSIS OF GLOBAL RESTRICTIONS ON TRADE IN TEXTILES AND APPAREL UNDER THE MULTI FIBER ARRANGEMENT IS PRESENTED.
This 26th dossier d'Agropolis is devoted to research and partnerships in agroecology. The French Commission for International Agricultural Research (CRAI) and Agropolis International, on behalf of CIRAD, INRAE and IRD and in partnership with CGIAR, has produced this new issue in the 'Les dossiers d'Agropolis international' series devoted to agroecology. This publication has been produced within the framework of the Action Plan signed by CGIAR and the French government on February 4th 2021 to strengthen French collaboration with CGIAR, where agroecology is highlighted as one of the three key priorities (alongside climate change, nutrition and food systems).