Suchergebnisse

This paper examines the impact of population aging on personal income tax (PIT) revenue in Vietnam for the period 2014–2030. With the assumptions of a changing tax base and growing real gross domestic product (GDP), the total PIT revenue is projected to increase in absolute terms. However, the projected total PIT revenue as a percentage of GDP under an aging population and the counterfactual results (without aging population) show a negative impact on PIT revenue in the studied period.

AbstractSupporting agricultural cooperatives might contribute to the livelihood improvement of many small‐scale farmers in developing countries. This research examines the factors affecting the internet use of agricultural cooperatives with a focus on female leadership, its effects on cooperatives' economic, social, and innovative performance, and the distributional effects of internet use on economic performance. Our analysis relied on the data of 3,512 agricultural cooperatives collected in 2021 from Vietnam. We addressed the endogeneity issue of internet use in impact assessment by employing an instrumental variable approach. Our results show that female leadership was positively and significantly associated with internet use and that internet use had a positive and significant effect on returns on assets, returns on equity, labor productivity, payment per laborer, contribution to labor union and insurance per laborer, and innovation in products of agricultural cooperatives. In addition, unconditional quantile regressions show that internet use in agricultural cooperatives exacerbated income inequality. Enhancing female leadership and promoting rural education were recommended to improve agricultural cooperatives' performance.

In response to global environmental health challenges, multi-disciplinary research and training are becoming popular among several countries in the world. However, systemic degree training programmes emphasizing integration of multi-disciplines are still not existed in the Asian Region. With approval from the University Council of Mahidol University, the Degree Programmes in "One Health and Ecosystem Management" are currently under development in collaboration with the University of Indonesia, Kunming Medical University and Hanoi School of Public Health. This will be one big step in integrating One Health/Ecohealth concept and system thinking into university curricula. The main objective is to produce high quality and competent graduates, who have background in multi-disciplinary research aiming at healthy environment and healthy living, to work in either government or private sectors. The research-based topics will be emphasized on an application of One Health/Ecohealth approach to human and animal health, environmental health, emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases, and social science, economics and policy in One Health/Ecohealth. It is expected that the students resulting from these programmes should help bringing One Health/Ecohealth practice into their professional work which hopefully will improve disease management and, hence, improve well-being in the long-term. ; International Development Research Centre

Poor waste management is a key driver of ill-health in urban settlements of developing countries. The current study aimed at assessing environmental and human health risks related to urban waste management in Yamoussoukro, the political capital of Côte d'Ivoire. We undertook trans-disciplinary research within an Ecohealth approach, comprised of a participatory workshop with stakeholders and mapping of exposure patterns. A total of 492 randomly selected households participated in a cross-sectional survey. Waste deposit sites were characterised and 108 wastewater samples were subjected to laboratory examinations. The physico-chemical parameters of the surface water (temperature, pH, conductivity, potential oxidise reduction, BOD5, COD, dissolved oxygen, nitrates, ammonia and total Kendal nitrogen) did not comply with World Health Organization standards of surface water quality. Questionnaire results showed that malaria was the most commonly reported disease. Diarrhoea and malaria were associated with poor sanitation. Households having dry latrines had a higher risk of diarrhoea (odds ratio (OR) = 1.8, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.2–2.7) compared to latrines with septic tanks and also a higher risk for malaria (OR = 1.9, 95% (CI) 1.1–3.3). Our research showed that combining health and environmental assessments enables a deeper understanding of environmental threats and disease burdens linked to poor waste management. Further study should investigate the sanitation strategy aspects that could reduce the environmental and health risks in the study area.

While evaluations play a critical role in accounting for and learning from context, it is unclear how evaluations can take account of climate change. Our objective was to explore how climate change and its interaction with other contextual factors influenced One Health food safety programs. To do so, we integrated questions about climate change into a qualitative evaluation study of an ongoing, multi-sectoral program aiming to improve pork safety in Vietnam called SafePORK. We conducted remote interviews with program researchers ( n = 7) and program participants ( n = 23). Based on our analysis, researchers believed climate change had potential impacts on the program but noted evidence was lacking, while program participants (slaughterhouse workers and retailers) shared how they were experiencing and adapting to the impacts of climate change. Climate change also interacted with other contextual factors to introduce additional complexities. Our study underscored the importance of assessing climate factors in evaluation and building adaptive capacity in programming.