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Wireless networks comprising unmanned aerial vehicles can offer limited connectivity in a cost-effective manner to disaster-struck regions where terrestrial infrastructure might have been damaged. While these drones offer advantages such as rapid deployment to far-flung areas, their operations may be rendered ineffective by the absence of an adequate energy management strategy. This article considers the multi-faceted applications of these platforms and the challenges thereof in the networks of the future. In addition to providing an overview of the work done by researchers in determining the features of the air-to-ground channel, the article explores the use of drones in fields as diverse as military surveillance and network rehabilitation for disaster-struck areas. It also presents a case study that envisages a scenario in which drones operate alongside conventional wireless infrastructure, thereby allowing a greater number of users to establish a line-of-sight link for communication. This study investigates a power allocation strategy for the microwave base station and the small base stations operating at 28 GHz frequency band. The self-adaptive power control strategy for drones is dependent on the maximum allowable interference threshold and minimum data rate requirements. This study highlights the importance of incorporating the drones in the multi-tier heterogeneous network to extend the network coverage and capacity.

—Millimeter waves offer a promising solution to the data congestion that is fast overwhelming the actual network capacity. While the V- band (57-64GHz) and E-band (71-76GHz and 81-86 GHz) are widely targeted for Point to Point high data rate, the W-band (92-95GHz) is still unexploited and lightly regulated. In particular, Point to Multi-Point (PtMP) wireless backhaul architecture could benefit from 3 GHz frequency bandwidth at the W-band to achieve a capacity density up to 10 Gbps/km². The HORIZON 2020 TWEETHER project aims to solve the technological gap that presently prevents the use of Wband to distribute substantial capacity from a central point over a wide coverage surface. Moreover, each of the links of the PtMP TWEETHER system is conceived to provide a high level of flexibility in order to easily adapt to a large panel of deployment scenarios. ; The project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programunder grant agreement no 644678. ; Paolini, C.; Letizia, R.; Ni, Q.; André, F.; Burciu, ,I.; Magne, F.; Rocchi, M. (2015). Scenarios and Use Cases in Tweether: W-band for Internet Everywhere. En 2015 European Conference on Networks and Communications (EuCNC). Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). 600-602. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/62274 ; S ; 600 ; 602

The outstanding demand of high data rate in wireless network is exceeding the actual capacity making the microwave region of the spectrum inadequate for the future needs. The millimeter wave region has been demonstrated suitable for multi-gigabit transmission. Unfortunately, technological issues still prevent its adequate exploitation. The Horizon 2020 TWEETHER project "Traveling wave tube for W-band wireless networks with high data rate distribution, spectrum and energy efficiency" aims to respond to this challenge. A novel W-band traveling wave tube will be the core of the system. ; The project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 644678. ; Paolini, C.; Letizia, R.; Napoli, F.; Ni, Q.; Rennie, A.; André, F.; Pham, K. (2015). Horizon 2020 TWEETHER project for W-band high data rate wireless communications. En Vacuum Electronics Conference (IVEC), 2015 IEEE International. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). 1-2. https://doi.org/10.1109/IVEC.2015.7223770 ; S ; 1 ; 2