Suchergebnisse

On the one hand, the financial support that a litigant can obtain in order to bear the costs that litigation would entail would considerably facilitate the party's access to justice, but, on the other hand, precisely this difficult situation in which can find a litigant, can also be seen as a business opportunity for specialized companies that aim to make investments under the most conveniant conditions.
The present article proposes a brief analysis of some aspects regarding a new trend in today's litigation funding which, at least at first sight, proves to be attractive and interesting: third party litigation funding.

Capricious can prove to be the paths of the forced execution procedure especially when, from the premise situation of a creditor who starts a seemingly valid enforcement procedure, it quickly reaches an outcome opposed to the one he wanted, consisting in canceling the enforcement itself. The passage of time must keep alive the creditor's desire to see his right, recognized by the enforceable title, realised, and in some extreme situations, it must even impel him to act. Losing the notion of time, the creditor also loses the certainty that his wish will be fulfilled, and will assume, as a consequence, the risks supposed by such a procedural attitude. Speaking of the element "time" and placing this element on the legal stage, we are actually talking about the statute of limitations of the creditor's right to obtain forced execution. The present study aims to make a brief presentation of some aspects of practical interest regarding this legal institution - sufficiently effervescent, but which has been and still remains an useful tool for vigilant debtors - by reference to court solutions too.

IntroductionIn the last years, we observed an alarming increase in the number of newly diagnosed HIV infected intravenous drug users (IDUs) co‐infected with hepatitis viruses or with severe bacterial infections. The aim of our study was to assess the incidence, the demographic and clinical characteristics of IDUs diagnosed with HIV, HCV and tuberculosis (TB).Materials and MethodsProspective study on HIV infected IDUs with HCV and TB admitted in a single centre between January 2009 and April 2014. Data were compared to a group of HIV infected IDUs without TB. Statistical analysis was performed using Graphpad Prism 4.01.ResultsOut of 450 HIV infected IDUs, 134 (29.7%) were diagnosed with HIV, HCV and TB. TB incidence among IDUs increases from 0% in 2009 to 30.2% in 2013. The TB coinfected patients had a mean age at diagnosis of 30 [15–56] years; were in majority males, 106 (84.4%); from urban areas, 120 (89.5%); and had significantly lower education level (85% vs 68.3%, p<0.0001) and higher rates of unemployment (80% vs 55%, p<0.0001) than those without TB. The median CD4 cell count was lower in the TB versus non TB IDUs (143 vs 472/mm3, p<0.0001). TB infected IDUs tend to be more frequently late presenters (59.7 vs 24.6, p<0.0001) and to have advanced HIV disease (47.7 vs 7.59%, p<0.0001) than those without TB. TB cultures were positive in 64 (47.7%) patients, 3 (2.2%) had multidrug resistant TB and 2 (1.5%) had extended drug resistance. Disseminated and/or extrapulmonary TB was diagnosed in 51 patients (38%). The overall mortality rate was higher in TB compared to non TB IDUs (19.4% vs 8.2%, p=0.0007), disseminated TB being associated with the most severe immunosuppression (median CD4 cell count 42/mm3) and the highest mortality rate (27.4%).ConclusionsThe incidence of TB in HIV/HCV coinfected IDUs was high and rose over the time. TB infection was more frequent in patients with severe immunosuppression and the mortality rate was higher in IDUs with disseminated and/or extrapulmonary disease. IDUs are important candidates for acquiring and transmitting HIV infection, viral hepatitis and TB, being difficult to control due to their high‐risk behaviours. Strengthening of HIV transmission prevention strategies, particularly in identified risk groups, is mandatory.