Suchergebnisse

Ideology as a subject (image) and subject (content and plot) is present in Russian philosophical literature, as in any literary classic, constantly – from the moment of its appearance in the late XVIII to the mid-30s of the twentieth century. For almost a century and a half, it had the opportunity, with varying degrees of cen­sorship, in general, it manifested itself quite freely. However, after the 1st Con­gress of Soviet Writers, a ban was imposed on all its manifestations, except those officially permitted within the framework of "socialist realism", which was lifted only in the second half of the 80s. Nevertheless, since artistic texts remain an im­portant element of culture that influences the existence of the modern ideological landscape, the idea of their ideological content deserves to be developed. What is ideological in philosophical literature, which most often reveals itself as a focus on changing the present, that is, reconstruction, is considered in the first approxi­mation by referring to the texts of D.I. Fonvizin, A.S. Griboyedov, A.S. Pushkin, N.V. Gogol, I.S. Turgenev, I.A. Goncharov, N.S. Leskov, F.M. Dostoevsky, A.M. Gorky and A.P. Platonov.

The USSR as a state and as a social and economic structure had Marxism as its theoretical base. Its fundamental and especially important concepts for Russia were the doctrine of private property, the Russian commune, the class struggle and the dictatorship of the proletariat. These doctrines, perceived dogmatically and perversely, were used with revolutionary fanaticism in Russia after October and during the formation of the USSR. The task of destroying of private property was carried out without the concretization from K. Marx and F. Engels and in contrary to the instructions that the peasantry should come to collective pro­duction not by force but by the free choice. In addition for a period Marx and Engels themselves pinned too high hopes on the collectivism of the Russian commune. They didn't understand its forced and not free, as they believed, com­munistic character. They also exaggerated the importance of the class struggle as a source of social development, so the proletariat's role of the dictator was abso­lutized after a single historical precedent. The Bolsheviks took full advantage of these concepts of Marxism, usurping power, inflaming a civil war and creating a new empire.