The island of Santa Catarina lies in the Atlantic Forest Domain of southern Brazil, one of the most threatened ecosystems on the planet. It holds a wide variety of habitats, ranging from sand dune 'restingas' to mature rain forest. We report, for the first time, a survey of the bird species and their conservation status for the different habitats present on the island. We recorded 269 bird species of 54 families (25 species were seabirds). More than 50% (140) of the total number of species were residents or probable residents, 20% (58) were visitors and a relatively high number of species (61, 23%) had indeterminate residential status. Nearly 15% (35 species) of the 244 landbird species observed were endemic to the Atlantic Forest. Habitat specificity was recorded for 40% (97 species). We recorded one Endangered (Solitary Tinamou Tinamus solitarius), one Vulnerable (White-necked Hawk Leucopternis lacernulata), and three Near-threatened species (Azure Jay Cyanocorax caeruleus, Azure-shouldered Tanager Thraupis cyanoptera, Black-backed Tanager Tangara peruviana). We also recorded six locally threatened species that we predict will become extinct in the near future. The future for the birds of the island is uncertain, especially for habitat specialists, due to habitat loss for resort developments, and a lack of concern by the government and local people.
La presente obra, resultado del proyecto de investigaci?n titulado ?Formaci?n de maestros en Antioquia y Choc?: una perspectiva en clave de educaci?n para la paz y construcci?n de ciudadan?a (2017-2018)? se constituye, sin lugar a dudas, en una valiosa l?nea de base y apuesta epist?mica que permite resemantizar aquellos complejos procesos que cohabitan en la formaci?n de todos aquellos maestros que, de una u otra forma, se convierten en protagonistas y escritores de diversas realidades escolares. Resulta tambi?n menester hacer alusi?n a esta valiosa y madura reflexi?n acad?mica, como el fruto de un estricto quehacer investigativo, enmarcado en un generoso lenguaje interdisciplinar. Trabajo que no hubiese podido gestarse sin el apoyo incondicional de la Asociaci?n Colombiana de Facultades de Educaci?n ?Ascofade?, en colaboraci?n con las Facultades de Educaci?n pertenecientes al cap?tulo Antioquia-Choc?. El lector podr? relacionarse y evidenciar en esta obra aquellas polifon?as que resultan propias, pr?ximas y cercanas a todas aquellas pr?cticas discursivas relacionadas con educaci?n para la paz y construcci?n de ciudadan?a que act?an como marco referencial en esos actos y ejercicios que convocan y movilizan procesos de formaci?n de maestros y maestras en algunas facultades de educaci?n y normales superiores de Antioquia. En otras palabras, el lector podr? adentrarse en algunos secretos e intimidades propias de la formaci?n de maestros y maestras, a partir de los saberes y vivencias que estudiantes, docentes y egresados de estas instituciones ponen de manifiesto en el desarrollo de este ejercicio investigativo. En este sentido, el texto ofrece interesantes materias, nociones, ideas, concepciones, met?foras, presencias y ausencias que, con respecto a la diversidad, resoluci?n pac?fica de conflictos, convivencia, formaci?n pol?tica, justicia social, igualdad, entre otras categor?as, evidencian la urdimbre, los tejidos y las tensiones que, bien har?amos en referir, se constituyen en elementos consustanciales al acto formativo del maestro en clave de educaci?n para la paz y construcci?n de ciudadan?a. ; This work, the result of the research project entitled "Teacher training in Antioquia and Choc?: a perspective in terms of peace education and citizenship building (2017-2018)" is undoubtedly a valuable baseline and epistemic bet that allows resemanticising those complex processes that cohabit in the training of all those teachers who, in one way or another, become protagonists and writers of various school realities. It is also necessary to refer to this valuable and mature academic reflection as the fruit of strict research work, framed in a generous interdisciplinary language. This work would not have been possible without the unconditional support of the Colombian Association of Faculties of Education -Ascofade-, in collaboration with the Faculties of Education belonging to the Antioquia-Choc? chapter. In this work, the reader will be able to relate to and see the polyphonies that are typical, close and close to all those discursive practices related to peace education and citizenship building that act as a referential framework in those acts and exercises that convene and mobilise teacher training processes in some faculties of education and teacher training colleges in Antioquia. In other words, the reader will be able to enter into some of the secrets and intimacies of teacher training, based on the knowledge and experiences that students, teachers and graduates of these institutions reveal in the development of this research exercise. In this sense, the text offers interesting subjects, notions, ideas, conceptions, metaphors, presences and absences that, with respect to diversity, peaceful conflict resolution, coexistence, political education, social justice, equality, among other categories, show the warp, weave and tensions that, we would do well to refer, constitute consubstantial elements of the teacher training act in terms of education for peace and citizenship building. ; Rionegro ; Formaci?n de maestros en Antioquia y Choc?: una perspectiva en clave de educaci?n para la paz y construcci?n de ciudadan?a
While many published maps of avian species richness indicate northern Amazonia to be somewhat species-poor, recent surveys reveal that this area actually possesses one of the most species-rich avifaunas in the Neotropical lowlands. Our surveys indicate that at least 520 bird species occur in Viruá National Park (VNP) and adjacent areas, which is located in the Brazilian state of Roraima (northern Amazonia). Here, we present the results of our ornithological efforts since 2001, based on audio-visual and mistnetting surveys, vouchered by tape and digital recordings, photographs, and collected specimens. VNP is dominated by Amazonian white-sand forest (locally known as campina and campinarana) on an extensive floodplain influenced by muddy-, clear-, and blackwater rivers, forming a complex mosaic of habitats that includes várzea, igapó, and hilltop "islands" with terra-firme forest. The high avian diversity found at VNP is likely due to both biogeographic and local-scale processes. Each habitat contains a particular avian assemblage. Patches of terra-firme forest have a typical Guianan avifauna. Campina and campinarana contain unique species, including some poorly known and range-restricted (e.g., Aprositornis disjuncta), as well as species typical of the northern Roraiman savannas (e.g., Icterus nigrogularis). The várzea of the Rio Branco (with its associated river islands) is particularly species-rich, including the endemic Cercomacra carbonaria and isolated populations of white-river-island specialists (e.g., Mazaria propinqua). VNP protects important ecological ecotones and biogeographical contact zones, as well as 27 threatened and 45 migratory bird species. On the other hand, 71 species reported for our study area have been found outside the current boundaries of the park. Ongoing proposals of expanding the limits of the park would absorb most of these species. With its outstanding bird species richness and wide variety of habitats, VNP emerges as an important site for Amazonian avian research, tourism, and conservation. Despite the park's protected status, the Brazilian government plans to build a hydroelectric dam in the region, representing the main threat to its avifauna and overall biodiversity.
En el marco del proyecto de investigaci?n colaborativo ?La informaci?n gen?tica en salud: algunos aspectos ?ticos y jur?dicos?, se invit? a los investigadores a distintos pa?ses de Latinoam?rica a que brindaran informaci?n acerca de la regulaci?n sobre bancos de datos gen?ticos y realizaci?n deestudios gen?ticos en sus respectivos pa?ses. ; Within the framework of the collaborative research project "Genetic information in health: some ethical and legal aspects", researchers from different Latin American countries were invited to provide information on the regulation of genetic data banks and genetic studies in their respective countries. ; Rionegro
Climate-driven redistribution of tuna threatens to disrupt the economies of Pacific Small Island Developing States (SIDS) and sustainable management of the world's largest tuna fishery. Here we show that by 2050, under a high greenhouse gas emissions scenario (RCP 8.5), the total biomass of three tuna species in the waters of ten Pacific SIDS could decline by an average of 13% (range = −5% to −20%) due to a greater proportion of fish occurring in the high seas. The potential implications for Pacific Island economies in 2050 include an average decline in purse-seine catch of 20% (range = −10% to −30%), an average annual loss in regional tuna-fishing access fees of US$90 million (range = −US$40 million to –US$140 million) and reductions in government revenue of up to 13% (range = −8% to −17%) for individual Pacific SIDS. Redistribution of tuna under a lower-emissions scenario (RCP 4.5) is projected to reduce the purse-seine catch from the waters of Pacific SIDS by an average of only 3% (range = −12% to +9%), indicating that even greater reductions in greenhouse gas emissions, in line with the Paris Agreement, would provide a pathway to sustainability for tuna-dependent Pacific Island economies. An additional pathway involves Pacific SIDS negotiating within the regional fisheries management organization to maintain the present-day benefits they receive from tuna, regardless of the effects of climate change on the distribution of the fish.
Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted routine hospital services globally. This study estimated the total number of adult elective operations that would be cancelled worldwide during the 12 weeks of peak disruption due to COVID-19. Methods: A global expert response study was conducted to elicit projections for the proportion of elective surgery that would be cancelled or postponed during the 12 weeks of peak disruption. A Bayesian β-regression model was used to estimate 12-week cancellation rates for 190 countries. Elective surgical case-mix data, stratified by specialty and indication (surgery for cancer versus benign disease), were determined. This case mix was applied to country-level surgical volumes. The 12-week cancellation rates were then applied to these figures to calculate the total number of cancelled operations. Results: The best estimate was that 28 404 603 operations would be cancelled or postponed during the peak 12 weeks of disruption due to COVID-19 (2 367 050 operations per week). Most would be operations for benign disease (90·2 per cent, 25 638 922 of 28 404 603). The overall 12-week cancellation rate would be 72·3 per cent. Globally, 81·7 per cent of operations for benign conditions (25 638 922 of 31 378 062), 37·7 per cent of cancer operations (2 324 070 of 6 162 311) and 25·4 per cent of elective caesarean sections (441 611 of 1 735 483) would be cancelled or postponed. If countries increased their normal surgical volume by 20 per cent after the pandemic, it would take a median of 45 weeks to clear the backlog of operations resulting from COVID-19 disruption. Conclusion: A very large number of operations will be cancelled or postponed owing to disruption caused by COVID-19. Governments should mitigate against this major burden on patients by developing recovery plans and implementing strategies to restore surgical activity safely.