Suchergebnisse

La ruptura del equilibrio que se produce entre las técnicas de defensa y ataque a las ciudades a principios de la edad moderna fue consecuencia directa de la aplicación militar de la artillería. El desarrollo espectacular de esta disciplina con la utilización de nuevos materiales y el perfeccionamiento de la calidad de las pólvoras, va a variar radicalmente el concepto de defensa en el mundo más avanzado, determinando una re­forma, asimismo radical, de las técnicas de defensa y fortificación de ciudades y pla­zas.

La arquitectura religiosa española en Marruecos ofrece un capítulo de realizaciones lo suficientemente amplio como para mostrar una secuencia formal completa desde el historicismo clasicista o neogótico del siglo XIX, hasta las obras eclécticas, art déco o racionalistas del XX. En este panorama participan diversos profesionales: frailes constructores, ingenieros militares, ingenieros de caminos y arquitec­tos, creando una estructura de iglesias y misiones por ciudades y poblados marroquíes como Tánger, Tetuán, Larache, Arcila, Alcazarquivir, Alhucemas, Nador, Casablanca, Safi, Essaouira o El Jedida.

Many tanks built in Spain between the 15 th and 16 th centuries show similarities with the spanish-muslim cisterns. The old tank in Melilla, dating from 1549, shows stonework building techniques from the 16 th century. Its later restauration allows us to appreciate the high skill developed by the military engineers in the 18 th century when building brick vaults. ; Muchos aljibes construidos en España en los siglos XV y XVI ofrecen tipologías muy cercanas a las cisternas hispanomusulmanas. El Aljibe Viejo de Melilla es una obra de 1549 cuya factura nos muestra las técnicas constructivas y de cantería del siglo XVI y cuya reforma posterior permite apreciar el dominio conseguido por los ingenieros militares del siglo XVIII sobre las grandes superficies abovedadas en rosca de ladrillo

Hoy día está perfectamente asumido que uno de los muchos valores patrimoniales de España reside en sus fortificaciones.

El 17 de septiembre de 1497 se ocupa la abandonada villa de Melilla en la Costa Norteafricana. Este acto en sí puede ser el inicio de un largo y apasionante tema, pero vamos a intentar concebirlo en este estudio como punto final. Como consecuencia, pues este hecho militar y político está condicionado precisamente por toda una serie de circunstancias que no solo afectaban a la política interior española sino a sus relaciones internacionales.

It is not usual to be able to document in detail a mannerist temple which, until now, has not been sufficiently studied and whose origins were unknown. The Spanish expansion in the Mediterranean allowed many Italian engineers to take part in building walls and cities, and both Emperor Charles V and his son, King Philip II, counted on these engineers' experience and knowledge.Melilla is one of the North African cities with an intense presence of Italian engineers. This city would be the place where, a new temple commissioned by Philip II, would be erected by the end of the 16th century. The person in charge of designing the temple would be the King's engineer Giacomo Palearo Fratino. It is important to point out that these engineers mainly built walls, bastions and defence towers. They are outstanding designs as the one we have mentinoned before, which is also is Fratino's only known church.The clear Italian origins of the temple still prevail nowdays since most of its structure survives despite the Baroque enlargements. This might be the reason why there are some references to 16th century Italian treatises, mostly to Giacomo Barozzi Vignola or Sebastiano Serlio. These references are made evident, not only in the design of the façades and the inner arches but also in the mathematical proportions used in the construction of the temple, where the Golden Rectangle is not absent.Un'inedita architettura manierista di Gian Giacomo Palearo Fratino. La Chiesa della Purísima Concepción di Melilla (1579-1608)A seguito dell´espansione spagnola lungo il Mediterraneo, l´imperatore Carlo V e poi suo figlio, Filippo ll, si rivolsero a ingegneri italiani per la realizzazione di mura e città, affidandosi alla loro esperienza e conoscenza. Una delle città nordafricane con un´intensa presenza di ingegneri italiani fu Melilla. Qui, alla fine del XVI secolo fu eretta una chiesa per volontà di Filippo ll, fino a oggi poco studiata e di cui non si conosceva l'attribuzione. Le ricerche svolte hanno potuto individuare il nome del ...

This work addresses the study of a part of the religious artistic heritage of the former hispanic square of Orán (Algeria). Specifically the main chapel of the defunct church of Victory according to the reforms it underwent during the second half of the eighteenth century, from the role played, as promoter, of the military engineer and then governor Juan Martín Zermeño. The details of this process, the involvement of artists, economic matter, the acquisition of furniture and the decorative component in general will form the backbone of the study in question. Without ever neglecting the basic performance of religious matters in a border town. ; El presente trabajo aborda el estudio de una parte del patrimonio artístico religioso de la antigua plaza hispana de Orán (Argelia). En concreto, la capilla mayor de la desaparecida iglesia de la Victoria conforme a las reformas que experimentó durante la segunda mitad del siglo XVIII, a partir del papel desempeñado, como promotor, del ingeniero militar y entonces gobernador Juan Martín Zermeño. Los pormenores de dicho proceso, la implicación de los artistas, la materia económica, la adquisición del mobiliario y el componente decorativo, conformarán el eje vertebral del estudio en cuestión. Sin dejar nunca de lado el desempeño básico del asunto religioso en una ciudad de frontera.

Se presenta la edición crítica de un trabajo, de naturaleza médica, publicado en 1735, y escrito por los doctores Thomas Exarch y Joseph Guiral. En sendos dictámenes, ambos doctores exponían sus ideas sobre el paciente Pedro Zermeño, aquejado de epilepsia. El trabajo expresa las ideas y el conocimiento que se tenía de esta afección en esos años, y también nos refleja el testimonio de una época, en una ciudad como Melilla y con unos personajes que llegaron a tener una gran relevancia en el campo de la Ingeniería militar española del siglo XVIII: Juan Martín Zermeño y Pedro Zermeño.It talks about the critical edition of a medical work that was published in 1735, and written by the doctors Thomas Exarch and Joseph Guiral. In these opinions, both doctors exposed their ideas about the patient Pedro Zermeño, afflicted of epilepsy. The work expresses the ideas and knowledge that was had of this illness in those years and it also reflects the testimony of an era, in a city as Melilla and with characters who managed to have a great relevancy in the field of the military Spanish Engineering of the 18th century: Juan Martín Zermeño and Pedro Zermeño.

[EN] The ancient castle of Rosalcazar is a military architecture that is part of the Oran's defensive system, in Algeria. His structure was built in the sixteenth century by Diego de Vera, and it reflects the approaches of the Spanish fortification of the reign of Ferdinand the Catholic. These constructions were increased with later alterations, until their consolidation during the term of the governor and engineer Juan Martín Zermeño. The architectural ensemble represented an interesting evolution of the Spanish fortification since the beginning of the sixteenth century until the middle of the eighteenth century, preserving each extension of the elements of the prior period that they are shown in the heritage ensemble of maximum interest. ; Bravo-Nieto, A.; Ramírez-González, S.; Metair, K. (2020). De Diego de Vera a Juan Martín Zermeño: tres siglos de reformas en la arquitectura del castillo viejo de Rosalcazar en Orán, Argelia. Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València. 1077-1084. https://doi.org/10.4995/FORTMED2020.2020.11460 ; OCS ; 1077 ; 1084

Las cabezas alrededor del AICM -- El día que La Barbie paralizó Tepito -- El pacto del Ajusco -- Estado de México: el cinturón violento que rodeó a la ciudad -- Heaven: un día el narco se llevó a 13 -- Cobro de piso -- El Cártel de Tláhuac -- Ciudad Universitaria -- Lo que sigue.

An analysis of three major aspects has been carried out that may apply to any of the successive voting systems used for the European Union Council of Ministers, from the first one established in the Treaty of Rome in 1958 to the current one established in Lisbon. We mainly consider the voting systems designed for the enlarged European Union adopted in the Athens summit, held in April 2003 but this analysis can be applied to any other system. First, it is shown that the dimension of these voting systems does not, in general, reduce. Next, the egalitarian effects of superposing two or three weighted majority games (often by introducing additional consensus) are considered. Finally, the decisiveness of these voting systems is evaluated and compared. ; Peer Reviewed ; Postprint (author's final draft)

An analysis of three major aspects has been carried out that may apply to any of the successive voting systems used for the European Union Council of Ministers, from the first one established in the Treaty of Rome in 1958 to the current one established in Lisbon. We mainly consider the voting systems designed for the enlarged European Union adopted in the Athens summit, held in April 2003 but this analysis can be applied to any other system. First, it is shown that the dimension of these voting systems does not, in general, reduce. Next, the egalitarian effects of superposing two or three weighted majority games (often by introducing additional consensus) are considered. Finally, the decisiveness of these voting systems is evaluated and compared. ; Peer Reviewed ; Postprint (author's final draft)