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"Agusti Nieto-Galan argues that chemistry in the twentieth century was deeply and profoundly political. Far from existing in a distinct public sphere, chemical knowledge was applied in ways that created strong links with industrial and military projects, and national rivalries and international endeavours, that materially shaped the living conditions of millions of citizens. It is within this framework that Nieto-Galan analyses how Spanish chemists became powerful ideological agents in different political contexts, from liberal to dictatorial regimes, throughout the century. He unveils chemists' position of power in Spain, their place in international scientific networks, and their engagement in fierce ideological battles in an age of extremes. Shared discourses between chemistry and liberalism, war, totalitarianism, religion, and diplomacy, he argues, led to advancements in both fields."--

Agustí Nieto-Galan, professor i catedràtic d'Història de la Ciència de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), ha publicat el llibre "The Politics of Chemistry. Science and Power in Twentieth-Century Spain". Aquesta obra analitza el paper polític dels químics a l'Espanya del segle XX, i la seva col·laboració en projectes acadèmics, militars i industrials. Les molècules, en aparença neutrals i objectives, esdevenen mediadors flexibles, que uneixen les ambicions professionals a ideologies sovint contraposades. ; Agustí Nieto-Galan, catedrático de Historia de la Ciencia de la Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona (UAB), ha publicado el libro The Politics of Chemistry. Science and Power in Twentieth-Century Spain. Esta obra analiza el papel político de los químicos en la España del siglo XX, y su colaboración en proyectos académicos, militares e industriales. Las moléculas, en apariencia neutrales y objetivas, se convierten mediadores flexibles, que unen las ambiciones profesionales en ideologías a menudo contrapuestas.

This paper discusses the political dimension of Odón de Buen's (1863-1945) expository practices-teaching and popularizing-as a university professor of natural history in Barcelona and later in Madrid at the turn of the nineteenth century. De Buen appropriated Ernst Haeckel's ideas on evolution in order to promote an ambitious political agenda, based on republican, freethinking, anticlerical values. To that end, he moved beyond the confines of academic science within the university and sought to bring modern concepts of natural history into elementary schools, athenaeums, political clubs and associations, scientific trips, popular books, periodicals, and the daily press. In such places, de Buen's natural history acted as an intellectual weapon with which to confront the conservative monarchic attitudes of the Spanish Restoration, but it also provided a moral backing to a society, which felt backward in terms of science and technology and was desperately seeking new sources of inspiration and national pride.

This paper examines the scientific culture of the 1888 Barcelona International Exhibition from different perspectives. Firstly, it emphasises how controversy rather than consensus imbued the everyday life of the city during that exceptional event, from April to December 1888. Secondly, the article discusses how science-including science, technology and medicine-became a tool in political debates about the pros and contras of the exhibition. Thirdly, through the careful analysis of particular case studies (public fasting, captive ballooning, electric and optical wonders, and live animal displays), the paper contributes to gaining a deeper understanding of the scientific culture in international exhibitions

Notes on contributors -- Preface -- Barcelona historical timeline -- Map 1: Barcelona in 1888 -- Introduction / Oliver Hochadel and Agustø Nieto-Galan -- Control : elite cultures -- Civic nature : the transformation of the Parc de la Ciutadella into a space for popular science / Oliver Hochadel and Laura Valls -- Reconstructing the martorell : donors and spaces in the quest for hegemony within the natural history museum / Ferran Aragon and José Pardo-Tomás -- Laboratory medicine and surgical enterprise in the medical landscape of the eixample district / Alfons Zarzoso and Àlvar Martønez-Vidal -- Technological fun : the politics and geographies of amusement parks / Jaume Sastre-Juan and Jaume ValentineS-Álvarez -- Resistance counter-hegemonies -- La Rosa de Foc : anarchist culture, urban spaces, and the management of scientific knowledge in a divided city / Álvaro Girón Sierra and Jorge Molero-Mesa -- The city of spirits : spiritism, feminism and the secularization of urban spaces / Mònica Balltondre and Andrea Graus -- Anatomy of the urban underworld : medical geography of the Barrio Chino / Alfons Zarzoso and José Pardo-Tomás -- Networks : experts and amateurs -- The sky above the city : observatories, amateurs and urban astronomy / Antoni Roca-Rosell and Pedro Ruiz-Castell -- The city in waves : Radio Barcelona and urban everyday life / Carlos Tabernero and Meritxell Guzmán -- The city of electric light : experts and users at the 1929 international exhibition and beyond / Jordi Ferran and Agustø Nieto-Galan -- Map 2: Barcelona in 1929 -- Index

La revisión de la biografía del químico Enrique Moles Ormella (1883-1953), y, en particular, de sus procesos judiciales en el primer franquismo, aporta nuevos elementos de reflexión con relación a las tipologías del exilio español de la Guerra Civil, así como con el papel de los científicos durante el periodo bélico y los inmediatos años posteriores. Las vicisitudes de Moles en la Dictadura de Primo de Rivera, la República, la Guerra Civil y en la Dictadura de Franco demuestran la compleja interrelación entre ciencia e ideología, que debe ser analizada en su contexto histórico, más allá de distinciones esencialistas, a veces demasiado simplistas, entre ciencia y poder.

This paper examines Vicenta Arnal Yarza's (1902-1960) life and scientific contributions to electrochemistry in the late 1920s and the 1930s. In Spain, this was a time of ambitious programs to modernize and internationalize scientific research, which included the training and career promotion of some women. Vicenta Arnal's pathway shifted from the early years of her international scientific education with top scientists in the field to a domestic career devoted to improving the teaching and popularizing of chemistry under the constraints of the Franco dictatorship, which brought about a dramatic regression in gender equity. ; Authors acknowledge Alejandro Santos for being able to retrieve Vicenta Arnal's scientific publications despite our limited information input, and are grateful to Josefina Perez-Arantegui (Universidad de Zaragoza) for invaluable comments and to the Alfaro-García family for the permission to publish the image in Fig. 1. MRP thanks Spain's Agencia Estatal de Investigación Severo Ochoa Program for Centers of Excellence in R&D (CEX2019–000917-S). ; With funding from the Spanish government through the 'Severo Ochoa Centre of Excellence' accreditation (CEX2019-000917-S). ; Peer reviewed